Careforce Church
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Careforce Church is a large Church of Christ church based in Mount Evelyn in Melbourne’s outer eastern suburbs. It was formerly known as Mount Evelyn Christian Fellowship. 1,700 people attend services each Sunday, making Careforce one of Melbourne’s largest churches.[citation needed] The senior pastor is Allan Meyer.
Careforce is best known[citation needed] for its Careforce Lifekeys program, a series of courses designed to help people deal with issues such as sexual abuse and morality, marriage, grief, loss, divorce, depression and addiction. Lifekeys courses are run in many churches in Australia and around the world. The church also runs Lifekeys conferences in Australia, New Zealand and the USA.
[edit] 1 References
* A force to be reckoned with Yakima Herald
* Solving church attendance mystery NCLS
[edit] 2 External links
* Careforce official web site
* Careforce Lifekeys site
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Careforce_Church"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-26, at 10:03:59. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-26, at 10:03:59. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
29 August 2008
Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia Logotechnicians
Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia Logotechnicians
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[edit] 1 Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia Logotechnicians
This society was created in 1979 as a means to bring together the members, along with a selection of guests, for an evening of bonhomie, good food, and fine wines. Created at the Graduate House of Dalhousie University, the BFSNSL originated as a university-related dining club. Its primary concentration for speakers and guests is the history of Nova Scotia and the Atlantic Provinces.
Known informally as "The Funis", the membership currently (June 2008) stands at nine gentlemen, who are joined annually by the nine ladies who constitute "The Funettes". The annual meeting consists of a dinner held in [2] Paradise, Nova Scotia.
The Society's web page can be seen at http://funis.webng.com/
Members are:
* Sean Wood, weekly wine columnist for the Halifax Chronicle-Herald and author of "Wineries and Wine Country of Nova Scotia" [3] [1]
* Dr. Donald Mitchell, professor emeritus of Psychology at Dalhousie University and author/co-author of over 100 refereed publications [4]
* Peter Perina, professor in the Department of Theatre (Scenography) at Dalhousie University, Chair of the Baroque Theatre Foundation at the Castle of Český Krumlov [5] and member of the Board of Perspectiv [6], Association of Historic Theatres in Europe
* Robert Bagg, professor of Professional Studies at Mount Saint Vincent University, Chair of the Student Judicial Committee, and co-author of "Public Accountants' Field Dependence: Canadian Evidence" [2] and "Canadian Accountants:Examining Workplace Learning" [3]
* Greig Macleod, Lawyer with the Construction Management Bureau Ltd. of Nova Scotia [7]
* Robert Flute, entrepreneur specializing in plastics manufacturing processes, Nova Scotia adviser to the Entrepreneur's Forum [8], member of the Atlantic Regional Management Committee of the Canadian Plastics Industry Association (CPIA) [9], and Vice-president of Spectra Premium Industrial
* David Lemon, Chemist, retired from Fisheries and Oceans Canada
* Bruce Gillis,[10] Lawyer, Chairman of the Appeal Panel, Nova Scotia Insurance Review Board [11], member of the Board of Examiners of the Association of Nova Scotia Land Surveyors [12] and Municipal Solicitor for Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
* David Smith, Engineer, retired from Nova Scotia Procurement Services [13], and Webmaster for the Society.
The Society's guest speakers have included two former provincial premiers: Henry Hicks (Premier of Nova Scotia 1954-56 and Joe Ghiz (Premier of Prince Edward Island 1986-93); Dr. David R. Jones, a writer[4][5] and authority on the Soviet Military and editor of the Soviet Armed Forces Review Annual[6]; Robert E. Kroll, playwright and author[14][7]; and several other academics, politicians, winemakers, historians and writers.
One of the members' papers presented to the Society (on the reconstruction of the Richmond district, now known as the Hydrostone) can be seen at the Nova Scotia Public Archives [8] and has been referenced on the Halifax Explosion website: http://www.halifaxexplosion.org
[edit] 2 References
1. ^ ISBN 978-1551095738
2. ^ Journal of Perceptual and Motor Skills, December 2007
3. ^ Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol 19 No 2 pp 61-77
4. ^ Jones, David R. 1986. Soviet Concepts of Security, article in Air University Review Nov-Dec 1986 [1]
5. ^ Jones, David R 1985. The Advanced Guard and Mobility in Russian and Soviet Military Thought and Practice, Academic International Press, ISBN 978-0875690858
6. ^ Academic International Press, ISBN 978-0875691008
7. ^ Kroll, Robert E, 1985. Intimate Fragments: An Irreverent Chronicle of Early Halifax, Nimbus Press, ISBN 978-090852424
8. ^ Smith, David G. 1981. Reconstruction of the Richmond District. Typed manuscript, research paper, presented to Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia, April 1981, Public Archives of Nova Scotia, Manuscript Group 27, Vol. 9, No. 8, 6 pp.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevolent_Funipendulous_Society_of_Nova_Scotia_Logotechnicians"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-24, at 23:44:44. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-24, at 23:44:44. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Steps to list an article for deletion: 1. {{subst:afd}} 2. {{subst:afd2|pg=Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia Logotechnicians|cat=|text=}} ~~~~ (categories) 3. {{subst:afd3|pg=Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia Logotechnicians}} (add to top of list) 4. Please consider notifying the author(s) by placing {{subst:adw|Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia Logotechnicians}} ~~~~ on their talk page(s).
This article is orphaned as few or no other articles link to it.
Please help introduce links in articles on related topics. (August 2008)
[edit] 1 Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia Logotechnicians
This society was created in 1979 as a means to bring together the members, along with a selection of guests, for an evening of bonhomie, good food, and fine wines. Created at the Graduate House of Dalhousie University, the BFSNSL originated as a university-related dining club. Its primary concentration for speakers and guests is the history of Nova Scotia and the Atlantic Provinces.
Known informally as "The Funis", the membership currently (June 2008) stands at nine gentlemen, who are joined annually by the nine ladies who constitute "The Funettes". The annual meeting consists of a dinner held in [2] Paradise, Nova Scotia.
The Society's web page can be seen at http://funis.webng.com/
Members are:
* Sean Wood, weekly wine columnist for the Halifax Chronicle-Herald and author of "Wineries and Wine Country of Nova Scotia" [3] [1]
* Dr. Donald Mitchell, professor emeritus of Psychology at Dalhousie University and author/co-author of over 100 refereed publications [4]
* Peter Perina, professor in the Department of Theatre (Scenography) at Dalhousie University, Chair of the Baroque Theatre Foundation at the Castle of Český Krumlov [5] and member of the Board of Perspectiv [6], Association of Historic Theatres in Europe
* Robert Bagg, professor of Professional Studies at Mount Saint Vincent University, Chair of the Student Judicial Committee, and co-author of "Public Accountants' Field Dependence: Canadian Evidence" [2] and "Canadian Accountants:Examining Workplace Learning" [3]
* Greig Macleod, Lawyer with the Construction Management Bureau Ltd. of Nova Scotia [7]
* Robert Flute, entrepreneur specializing in plastics manufacturing processes, Nova Scotia adviser to the Entrepreneur's Forum [8], member of the Atlantic Regional Management Committee of the Canadian Plastics Industry Association (CPIA) [9], and Vice-president of Spectra Premium Industrial
* David Lemon, Chemist, retired from Fisheries and Oceans Canada
* Bruce Gillis,[10] Lawyer, Chairman of the Appeal Panel, Nova Scotia Insurance Review Board [11], member of the Board of Examiners of the Association of Nova Scotia Land Surveyors [12] and Municipal Solicitor for Annapolis County, Nova Scotia
* David Smith, Engineer, retired from Nova Scotia Procurement Services [13], and Webmaster for the Society.
The Society's guest speakers have included two former provincial premiers: Henry Hicks (Premier of Nova Scotia 1954-56 and Joe Ghiz (Premier of Prince Edward Island 1986-93); Dr. David R. Jones, a writer[4][5] and authority on the Soviet Military and editor of the Soviet Armed Forces Review Annual[6]; Robert E. Kroll, playwright and author[14][7]; and several other academics, politicians, winemakers, historians and writers.
One of the members' papers presented to the Society (on the reconstruction of the Richmond district, now known as the Hydrostone) can be seen at the Nova Scotia Public Archives [8] and has been referenced on the Halifax Explosion website: http://www.halifaxexplosion.org
[edit] 2 References
1. ^ ISBN 978-1551095738
2. ^ Journal of Perceptual and Motor Skills, December 2007
3. ^ Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol 19 No 2 pp 61-77
4. ^ Jones, David R. 1986. Soviet Concepts of Security, article in Air University Review Nov-Dec 1986 [1]
5. ^ Jones, David R 1985. The Advanced Guard and Mobility in Russian and Soviet Military Thought and Practice, Academic International Press, ISBN 978-0875690858
6. ^ Academic International Press, ISBN 978-0875691008
7. ^ Kroll, Robert E, 1985. Intimate Fragments: An Irreverent Chronicle of Early Halifax, Nimbus Press, ISBN 978-090852424
8. ^ Smith, David G. 1981. Reconstruction of the Richmond District. Typed manuscript, research paper, presented to Benevolent Funipendulous Society of Nova Scotia, April 1981, Public Archives of Nova Scotia, Manuscript Group 27, Vol. 9, No. 8, 6 pp.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benevolent_Funipendulous_Society_of_Nova_Scotia_Logotechnicians"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-24, at 23:44:44. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-24, at 23:44:44. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
Turkel
Turkel
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Turkel (English plural: turkel) is prepared by dehydrating an apricot. The name comes from Turkey, the largest producer of apricots in the world. Turkel, as is referred in the local market are sometimes also known as dried apricots.
Turkel for retail sale at a local super market in India
Turkel for retail sale at a local super market in India
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Description:
* 2 Cultivation:
* 3 Nutritional value:
* 4 Preparation:
* 5 References:
[edit] 1 Description:
While apricots (Latin name: Prunus armeniaca; Indian name: Urumana) are orangish-gloden colored, fleshy juicy fruits with a seed and are highly perishable (require refrigeration), turkel are amber colored, oval shaped, skinny, not too juicy and are seedless. The taste is mainly deliciously sweet albeit one may feel a minor bitterness alongside. The dehydrated product is categorized as a dry fruit and is not perishable under normal room storage conditions, thereby being an ideal and a beautiful gifting choice.
Amber colored turkel
Amber colored turkel
[edit] 2 Cultivation:
Turkels are produced from apricots hence their production directly depends on the cultivation of apricots. Apricot is grown in temperate climate in many countries including but not limited to Turkey, Iran, India, China, America (mainly California), parts of Japan, Korea, Egypt, France, Greece, Spain and Australia.
[edit] 3 Nutritional value:
Turkel is a rich source of vitamin A, calcium, potassium and iron. Besides turkel is a good source of fiber, sugar and carbohydrate and is free from cholesterol and saturated fat. It is used to prepare jam while in some parts of Middle East & Egypt, turkel paste is used to prepare a drink known as ameerdine (amar-el-deen).
Untreated brown colored turkel
Untreated brown colored turkel
[edit] 4 Preparation:
Turkel is generally produced by partially cutting an apricot to remove the seed and then subjecting it to dehydration deploying sophisticated moisture reducing machines followed by a treatment of sulfur dioxide gas that helps preserve its lovely color and make it available all the year round. Care is taken so as to have a minimal cut that might not be easily visible after processing. Turkel is also prepared by naturally sun drying the deseeded apricot and then treating or not treating it with sulfur dioxide gas. Untreated with sulfur dioxide, turkel is called as an organic turkel that becomes brownish in color and tastes slightly sour.
[edit] 5 References:
[1]
[2]
[3]
--Simrandeep (talk) 23:37, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkel"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-18, at 23:38:00. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-18, at 23:38:00. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy.
Please share your thoughts on the matter at this article's entry on the Articles for deletion page.
Feel free to edit the article, but the article must not be blanked, and this notice must not be removed, until the discussion is closed. For more information, particularly on merging or moving the article during the discussion, read the guide to deletion.
Steps to list an article for deletion: 1. {{subst:afd}} 2. {{subst:afd2|pg=Turkel|cat=|text=}} ~~~~ (categories) 3. {{subst:afd3|pg=Turkel}} (add to top of list) 4. Please consider notifying the author(s) by placing {{subst:adw|Turkel}} ~~~~ on their talk page(s).
Turkel (English plural: turkel) is prepared by dehydrating an apricot. The name comes from Turkey, the largest producer of apricots in the world. Turkel, as is referred in the local market are sometimes also known as dried apricots.
Turkel for retail sale at a local super market in India
Turkel for retail sale at a local super market in India
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Description:
* 2 Cultivation:
* 3 Nutritional value:
* 4 Preparation:
* 5 References:
[edit] 1 Description:
While apricots (Latin name: Prunus armeniaca; Indian name: Urumana) are orangish-gloden colored, fleshy juicy fruits with a seed and are highly perishable (require refrigeration), turkel are amber colored, oval shaped, skinny, not too juicy and are seedless. The taste is mainly deliciously sweet albeit one may feel a minor bitterness alongside. The dehydrated product is categorized as a dry fruit and is not perishable under normal room storage conditions, thereby being an ideal and a beautiful gifting choice.
Amber colored turkel
Amber colored turkel
[edit] 2 Cultivation:
Turkels are produced from apricots hence their production directly depends on the cultivation of apricots. Apricot is grown in temperate climate in many countries including but not limited to Turkey, Iran, India, China, America (mainly California), parts of Japan, Korea, Egypt, France, Greece, Spain and Australia.
[edit] 3 Nutritional value:
Turkel is a rich source of vitamin A, calcium, potassium and iron. Besides turkel is a good source of fiber, sugar and carbohydrate and is free from cholesterol and saturated fat. It is used to prepare jam while in some parts of Middle East & Egypt, turkel paste is used to prepare a drink known as ameerdine (amar-el-deen).
Untreated brown colored turkel
Untreated brown colored turkel
[edit] 4 Preparation:
Turkel is generally produced by partially cutting an apricot to remove the seed and then subjecting it to dehydration deploying sophisticated moisture reducing machines followed by a treatment of sulfur dioxide gas that helps preserve its lovely color and make it available all the year round. Care is taken so as to have a minimal cut that might not be easily visible after processing. Turkel is also prepared by naturally sun drying the deseeded apricot and then treating or not treating it with sulfur dioxide gas. Untreated with sulfur dioxide, turkel is called as an organic turkel that becomes brownish in color and tastes slightly sour.
[edit] 5 References:
[1]
[2]
[3]
--Simrandeep (talk) 23:37, 18 August 2008 (UTC)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkel"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-18, at 23:38:00. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-18, at 23:38:00. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
Disabilities/Disability Etiquette
Disabilities/Disability Etiquette
From Wikipedia
< Disabilities
HomePage | Recent changes | View source | Page history | Log in |
See the current version of this page on Wikipedia
Printable version | Disclaimers | Privacy policy
Disability Etiquette descibes the generally accepted ways in which one may best interact with disabled persons. These rules have been developed based on the needs of the disabled, and to combat misconceptions widely held by the able community. Lists such as the following, and close variants of it, are widely used in training people who deal with the general public (including people with disabilities) and are endorsed by a number of organizations.
See these examples of similar lists:
United Cerebral Palsy/ Access Americorps
Easter Seals
Memphis Center for Independent Living
An important reason to read and understand these guidlines is that they are often in conflict with the (often benevolent but misguided) impulses of the able. Therefore, if one wants to show concern and respect for a disabled person is wise to consider the following guidelines:
1. Do not offer to help a disabled person. Wait for him/her to ask for help or possibly not ask at all. This does not apply to a disabled person needing help who cannot express this need. Disabled people, in general, naturally desire to be independent. Constant hovering about and offering to take care of every little thing, including taking over tasks they have begun, can be an uncomfortable reminder that they are perceived as being unable to care for their own needs. In any case, if a real need for help is perceived, one is wise to always offer first, and then respect the disabled person's wishes - don't just dive in and help.
2. Do not touch a disabled person's assistive devices without permission. This includes wheelchairs, canes, crutches, etc. This also includes service animals such as seeing-eye dogs (whose discharge of their duties can be impaired by extraneous input from persons other than their owners). A disabled person's assistive equipment is part of his/her personal space. To touch it is equivalent to grabbing an able person's leg or arm without permission. Again, disabled people prefer to be as independent as possible. A person in a wheelchair does not want someone pushing them around without permission. Such a person is trying very hard to get around on his/her own. (See #1 on UCPA list.)
3. If a disabled person has an escort or aide, do not interact solely, or mainly, with such a companion. The disabled person is a person too. Do whatever is necessary to communicate with the disabled person. This includes kneeling down to make eye contact and talk to a person in a wheelchair, introducing onesself to a blind person and speaking enough to let them identify one's voice and location, and much more. (See #2 on UCPA list.)
4. Speak normally to a disabled person, using words like "see," "hear," "walk," etc., as you normally would. Disabled people are used to normal English. A blind person will not be insulted if one says, "It looks like it is going to rain," or "Do you see what I mean?" (See #7 on UCPA list.)
5. It is considered polite to offer to describe to a disabled person what he/she cannot perceive him/herself. If one is traveling in an unfamiliar place, offer to describe the scenery and where one is at different points to a blind person. If one is at a place where there is music or unusual noise, it is polite to offer to describe it to a deaf person.
6. Do not ask a disabled person how they got that way. If a disabled person chooses to share this information he/she will do so. A disabled person has the right to believe that he/she is interesting per se. In other words, they want to be judged by what they are, as individuals, in the same manner as able people.
7. Do not make assumptions about what a disabled person can or cannot do based on stereotypes of different disabilities. In some ways this rule should come first. There is a saying that "We are all disabled by the stereotypes we hold of other people's disabilies." This is quite true. (See #3 and #8 on UCPA list for similar ideas.)
Alternative Approaches. These are somewhat sarcastic in tone, primarily as an exercise to get one to think about what has been done wrong in the past and/or how one's first impulses might be mistaken.
1. Hide disabled people from the public This has been a popular approach for centuries. It has the notable advantage that the family is not embarassed by the disabilities of the family member, which may make that member look less than normal.
2. Wait hand and foot on the disabled. This approach has the advantage that you can resolve some of your own guilt that this didn't happen to you. Also you can keep a disabled person quite dependent this way. That assures that they won't try to intrude on normal society . Hey, this approach might lead to their eventual institutionalization!
3. Ask the disabled nosy questions and stare. This approach has the advantage of learning all the gruesome details of how a disabled person became one. Then you can tell them about your operation. Make them know they are special by following them with your eyes right until they leave yor range of vision. Watch particlularly how they use alternative means to talk, get around etc.
4, Ignore diabled people. You clearly have nothing in common with them. Anyway, who says they are entitled to anything. They are different from us, aren't they?
5. If a disabled person has an escort or aide, talk only to the companion. Consider the tough time such a companion is having. Discuss the problems they are having with their charge right in front of them. That should keep the disabled person conscious of their role and place in life - that of a burden on everyone else.
6. If a disabed person has an assistive device, take it and try it out. If they should fall or walk into a tree that way, well, remind them that sharing is important too.
7. Do not use words that refer to senses or abilities that the disabled person may not have. If you should forget and use such a word, laugh profusely at your faux pas, indicating that you do know just how different they are.
Retrieved from "http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilities/Disability_Etiquette"
This page was last modified on 19 April 2001, at 23:53. Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License.
View source | Discuss this page | Page history | What links here | Related changes
This page was last modified on 19 April 2001, at 23:53. Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License.
HomePage | About Wikipedia |
From Wikipedia
< Disabilities
HomePage | Recent changes | View source | Page history | Log in |
See the current version of this page on Wikipedia
Printable version | Disclaimers | Privacy policy
Disability Etiquette descibes the generally accepted ways in which one may best interact with disabled persons. These rules have been developed based on the needs of the disabled, and to combat misconceptions widely held by the able community. Lists such as the following, and close variants of it, are widely used in training people who deal with the general public (including people with disabilities) and are endorsed by a number of organizations.
See these examples of similar lists:
United Cerebral Palsy/ Access Americorps
Easter Seals
Memphis Center for Independent Living
An important reason to read and understand these guidlines is that they are often in conflict with the (often benevolent but misguided) impulses of the able. Therefore, if one wants to show concern and respect for a disabled person is wise to consider the following guidelines:
1. Do not offer to help a disabled person. Wait for him/her to ask for help or possibly not ask at all. This does not apply to a disabled person needing help who cannot express this need. Disabled people, in general, naturally desire to be independent. Constant hovering about and offering to take care of every little thing, including taking over tasks they have begun, can be an uncomfortable reminder that they are perceived as being unable to care for their own needs. In any case, if a real need for help is perceived, one is wise to always offer first, and then respect the disabled person's wishes - don't just dive in and help.
2. Do not touch a disabled person's assistive devices without permission. This includes wheelchairs, canes, crutches, etc. This also includes service animals such as seeing-eye dogs (whose discharge of their duties can be impaired by extraneous input from persons other than their owners). A disabled person's assistive equipment is part of his/her personal space. To touch it is equivalent to grabbing an able person's leg or arm without permission. Again, disabled people prefer to be as independent as possible. A person in a wheelchair does not want someone pushing them around without permission. Such a person is trying very hard to get around on his/her own. (See #1 on UCPA list.)
3. If a disabled person has an escort or aide, do not interact solely, or mainly, with such a companion. The disabled person is a person too. Do whatever is necessary to communicate with the disabled person. This includes kneeling down to make eye contact and talk to a person in a wheelchair, introducing onesself to a blind person and speaking enough to let them identify one's voice and location, and much more. (See #2 on UCPA list.)
4. Speak normally to a disabled person, using words like "see," "hear," "walk," etc., as you normally would. Disabled people are used to normal English. A blind person will not be insulted if one says, "It looks like it is going to rain," or "Do you see what I mean?" (See #7 on UCPA list.)
5. It is considered polite to offer to describe to a disabled person what he/she cannot perceive him/herself. If one is traveling in an unfamiliar place, offer to describe the scenery and where one is at different points to a blind person. If one is at a place where there is music or unusual noise, it is polite to offer to describe it to a deaf person.
6. Do not ask a disabled person how they got that way. If a disabled person chooses to share this information he/she will do so. A disabled person has the right to believe that he/she is interesting per se. In other words, they want to be judged by what they are, as individuals, in the same manner as able people.
7. Do not make assumptions about what a disabled person can or cannot do based on stereotypes of different disabilities. In some ways this rule should come first. There is a saying that "We are all disabled by the stereotypes we hold of other people's disabilies." This is quite true. (See #3 and #8 on UCPA list for similar ideas.)
Alternative Approaches. These are somewhat sarcastic in tone, primarily as an exercise to get one to think about what has been done wrong in the past and/or how one's first impulses might be mistaken.
1. Hide disabled people from the public This has been a popular approach for centuries. It has the notable advantage that the family is not embarassed by the disabilities of the family member, which may make that member look less than normal.
2. Wait hand and foot on the disabled. This approach has the advantage that you can resolve some of your own guilt that this didn't happen to you. Also you can keep a disabled person quite dependent this way. That assures that they won't try to intrude on normal society . Hey, this approach might lead to their eventual institutionalization!
3. Ask the disabled nosy questions and stare. This approach has the advantage of learning all the gruesome details of how a disabled person became one. Then you can tell them about your operation. Make them know they are special by following them with your eyes right until they leave yor range of vision. Watch particlularly how they use alternative means to talk, get around etc.
4, Ignore diabled people. You clearly have nothing in common with them. Anyway, who says they are entitled to anything. They are different from us, aren't they?
5. If a disabled person has an escort or aide, talk only to the companion. Consider the tough time such a companion is having. Discuss the problems they are having with their charge right in front of them. That should keep the disabled person conscious of their role and place in life - that of a burden on everyone else.
6. If a disabed person has an assistive device, take it and try it out. If they should fall or walk into a tree that way, well, remind them that sharing is important too.
7. Do not use words that refer to senses or abilities that the disabled person may not have. If you should forget and use such a word, laugh profusely at your faux pas, indicating that you do know just how different they are.
Retrieved from "http://nostalgia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disabilities/Disability_Etiquette"
This page was last modified on 19 April 2001, at 23:53. Content is available under GNU Free Documentation License.
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Don Calloway
Don Calloway
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Don Calloway
Don Calloway
Democratic nominee for
Member of the Missouri General Assembly for the 71st district
Election date
2008-11-04
Opponent(s) unopposed
Incumbent Esther Haywood[1]
Born 1979-09-18 (1979-09-18) (age 28)
Political party Democratic
Residence St. Louis, Missouri
Alma mater Alabama A&M University Boston University School of Law
Occupation Attorney
Donald Calloway, Jr. (born 1979-09-18) is an American attorney and politician from St. Louis, Missouri. On 2008-08-05, Calloway won the Democratic primary for the 71st District seat in the Missouri General Assembly.[2] Because no Republican candidate filed for the office, Calloway's primary victory was tantamount to his becoming the presumptive State Representative for the 71st District, in St. Louis County.
[edit] 1 References
1. ^ Jake Wagman (2008-07-28). "Faces familiar and new vie for Missouri House", St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved on 2008-08-24.
2. ^ Alvin A. Reid (2008-08-07). "Wright-Jones nicks Hubbard for Dems 5th Senate District nomination", St. Louis American. Retrieved on 2008-08-24.
[edit] 2 External links
* Don Colloway voter information - League of Women Voters
* Election Results - Missouri 2008 - The Council of State Governments
* [1] - Don Calloway's Official Website
This article about a Missouri politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Calloway"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-28, at 03:35:11. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-28, at 03:35:11. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy.
Please share your thoughts on the matter at this article's entry on the Articles for deletion page.
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This article is orphaned as few or no other articles link to it.
Please help introduce links in articles on related topics. (August 2008)
Don Calloway
Don Calloway
Democratic nominee for
Member of the Missouri General Assembly for the 71st district
Election date
2008-11-04
Opponent(s) unopposed
Incumbent Esther Haywood[1]
Born 1979-09-18 (1979-09-18) (age 28)
Political party Democratic
Residence St. Louis, Missouri
Alma mater Alabama A&M University Boston University School of Law
Occupation Attorney
Donald Calloway, Jr. (born 1979-09-18) is an American attorney and politician from St. Louis, Missouri. On 2008-08-05, Calloway won the Democratic primary for the 71st District seat in the Missouri General Assembly.[2] Because no Republican candidate filed for the office, Calloway's primary victory was tantamount to his becoming the presumptive State Representative for the 71st District, in St. Louis County.
[edit] 1 References
1. ^ Jake Wagman (2008-07-28). "Faces familiar and new vie for Missouri House", St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved on 2008-08-24.
2. ^ Alvin A. Reid (2008-08-07). "Wright-Jones nicks Hubbard for Dems 5th Senate District nomination", St. Louis American. Retrieved on 2008-08-24.
[edit] 2 External links
* Don Colloway voter information - League of Women Voters
* Election Results - Missouri 2008 - The Council of State Governments
* [1] - Don Calloway's Official Website
This article about a Missouri politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Calloway"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-28, at 03:35:11. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-28, at 03:35:11. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
Golden Lotus Kung-fu system
Golden Lotus Kung-fu system
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The Golden Lotus Kung-fu system, also known as Jing Ping Mei Kuen is a modern system based on both Northern and Southern Style Chinese Kung-fu principles. The Golden Lotus Kung-fu system was formulated by John M. DeBellotte in 1998. DeBellotte began his study of the Martial Arts in 1986 under Tim Robertson at the Robertson school of Bujitsu in Reading Pa.[citation needed] Robertson a student of the late Terry Hayford student of Professor Ronald Duncan[2]. After 2 years of training under Robertson, DeBellotte met a Taoist priest of the legendary Dragon Gate Sect [1] which was founded by Patriarch Qiu in the fourth Xingding year (AD 1220), named Yi Shao Yun. DeBellotte learned Taoist inner alchemy from Yhi Shou Yun and became a Tiānchí or Taoist Priest of the Dragon Gate Sect. In addition to that John gained external kung-fu knowledge learned from James H. Smith in the system of Wing-Tao kung-fu. In 1998 the then DeBellotte petitioned both masters for the right to charter and found a system based on their collective influences, the request was granted and the Golden Lotus system was born.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Structure
* 2 Curriculum
* 3 Sources
* 4 Referneces
[edit] 1 Structure
Golden Lotus Kung-fu Academies all use the same internal structure,[citation needed] The Academy always has three Halls representing the three goals of the system, Longevity, Physical Health, and Mental Health, each Hall has three Gars, or Families, representing the three training influences, Spiritual, External, and Internal. Each Gar has three chambers containing ten students representing the three forces, Nothingness, Chi, and Ling. The sum total of chambers in the entire academy also represents the twenty-seven theories.
[edit] 2 Curriculum
The Curriculum of the Golden Lotus Kung-fu system is divided into three martial tiers each with external and internal aspects, 27 martial theories, and 27 applications for each theory totaling 729 base applications. Tier one is the basic tier that covers proper stance work, Animal fist forms, and basic weaponry forms. The first tier is designed to teach speed, coordination, flexibility, visualization, and body connectivity also know as full body mechanics. In this first tier the student is also taught the basic theories of the system; Theory #1 is the center line theory. This theory is a visualization aid that helps students to always protect their vital organs, the theory states, "Imagine a pole going through the center of your body that your opponent can see. If you opponent strikes you center mass it will impair your balance the most, as well as do the most damage to your internal organs. Therefore the guard must always be kept on center-line relative to your opponent to avoid this."[citation needed] It is the foundation of the basic Golden Lotus combat guard. The other theories in the system build upon this one teaching such things as how to push incoming attacks just outside range to maximize counter attack speed, how to show an opponent a false opening in order to control them during combat etc.
[edit] 3 Sources
* Cambridge who's who biography
* Golden Lotus Kung-Fu Academy
[edit] 4 Referneces
1. ^ [1]
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Lotus_Kung-fu_system"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-25, at 02:59:01. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-25, at 02:59:01. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy.
Please share your thoughts on the matter at this article's entry on the Articles for deletion page.
Feel free to edit the article, but the article must not be blanked, and this notice must not be removed, until the discussion is closed. For more information, particularly on merging or moving the article during the discussion, read the guide to deletion.
Steps to list an article for deletion: 1. {{subst:afd}} 2. {{subst:afd2|pg=Golden Lotus Kung-fu system|cat=|text=}} ~~~~ (categories) 3. {{subst:afd3|pg=Golden Lotus Kung-fu system}} (add to top of list) 4. Please consider notifying the author(s) by placing {{subst:adw|Golden Lotus Kung-fu system}} ~~~~ on their talk page(s).
The Golden Lotus Kung-fu system, also known as Jing Ping Mei Kuen is a modern system based on both Northern and Southern Style Chinese Kung-fu principles. The Golden Lotus Kung-fu system was formulated by John M. DeBellotte in 1998. DeBellotte began his study of the Martial Arts in 1986 under Tim Robertson at the Robertson school of Bujitsu in Reading Pa.[citation needed] Robertson a student of the late Terry Hayford student of Professor Ronald Duncan[2]. After 2 years of training under Robertson, DeBellotte met a Taoist priest of the legendary Dragon Gate Sect [1] which was founded by Patriarch Qiu in the fourth Xingding year (AD 1220), named Yi Shao Yun. DeBellotte learned Taoist inner alchemy from Yhi Shou Yun and became a Tiānchí or Taoist Priest of the Dragon Gate Sect. In addition to that John gained external kung-fu knowledge learned from James H. Smith in the system of Wing-Tao kung-fu. In 1998 the then DeBellotte petitioned both masters for the right to charter and found a system based on their collective influences, the request was granted and the Golden Lotus system was born.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Structure
* 2 Curriculum
* 3 Sources
* 4 Referneces
[edit] 1 Structure
Golden Lotus Kung-fu Academies all use the same internal structure,[citation needed] The Academy always has three Halls representing the three goals of the system, Longevity, Physical Health, and Mental Health, each Hall has three Gars, or Families, representing the three training influences, Spiritual, External, and Internal. Each Gar has three chambers containing ten students representing the three forces, Nothingness, Chi, and Ling. The sum total of chambers in the entire academy also represents the twenty-seven theories.
[edit] 2 Curriculum
The Curriculum of the Golden Lotus Kung-fu system is divided into three martial tiers each with external and internal aspects, 27 martial theories, and 27 applications for each theory totaling 729 base applications. Tier one is the basic tier that covers proper stance work, Animal fist forms, and basic weaponry forms. The first tier is designed to teach speed, coordination, flexibility, visualization, and body connectivity also know as full body mechanics. In this first tier the student is also taught the basic theories of the system; Theory #1 is the center line theory. This theory is a visualization aid that helps students to always protect their vital organs, the theory states, "Imagine a pole going through the center of your body that your opponent can see. If you opponent strikes you center mass it will impair your balance the most, as well as do the most damage to your internal organs. Therefore the guard must always be kept on center-line relative to your opponent to avoid this."[citation needed] It is the foundation of the basic Golden Lotus combat guard. The other theories in the system build upon this one teaching such things as how to push incoming attacks just outside range to maximize counter attack speed, how to show an opponent a false opening in order to control them during combat etc.
[edit] 3 Sources
* Cambridge who's who biography
* Golden Lotus Kung-Fu Academy
[edit] 4 Referneces
1. ^ [1]
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Lotus_Kung-fu_system"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-25, at 02:59:01. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-25, at 02:59:01. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
Frank Gross
Frank Gross
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Frank George Gross, OMC (May 23, 1919 to January 13, 2006) was awarded the Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship (OMC) one month after his death in 2006,[1][2] the only Chatham-Kent resident to be recognized by the Government of Ontario for humanitarianism.
He had been well-known in the Chatham-Kent region as a life insurance underwriter, freemason, cyclist and philanthropist mainly on behalf of the Canadian Cancer Society.
Frank was born in Chesley, Ontario, had lived in Listowel, Ontario until 1948, and established his residence in Chatham at 11 Stone Avenue in April, 1948.
Frank Gross, OMC (1919-2006). Noted Chatham-Kent philanthropist, Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship, 2006
Frank Gross, OMC (1919-2006). Noted Chatham-Kent philanthropist, Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship, 2006
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Military service and business career
* 2 Freemasonry
* 3 Cycling and fund-raising
* 4 Community service and awards
* 5 Family and death
* 6 References
[edit] 1 Military service and business career
Frank Gross was enlisted in the Canadian Army on August 8, 1942, stationed at CFB Borden, Ontario and Aldershot, England and trained in tank operations. Rising to the rank of Corporal, he served in England during World War II as a tank trainer until his discharge on March 22, 1946. For war service, he was awarded the Canadian Defence Medal and Volunteer Service War Medal, both displayed in the picture to the right. Upon his return to Canada, Frank became a lifelong member of the Royal Canadian Legion.
Over the period of 1946-1956, Frank was a salesman for Fuller Brush Company after which he joined London Life Insurance Company as a life underwriter. He was President of the Kent County Life Underwriters Association in 1963 and was recognized for 21 consecutive years with the National Quality Award from the Canadian Life Insurance Association. Frank retired from London Life in 1983.
[edit] 2 Freemasonry
Frank Gross was initiated into the Parthenon Lodge, number 267 of the Masonic Order, in Chatham, Ontario, September, 1949. He rose to become Worshipful Master of Parthenon Lodge in 1954, was nominated to the Scottish Rite Lodge of Perfection and Rose Croix in 1958, and was distinguished with the Gold Honor Award, York Rite Sovereign College of North America, for Outstanding Masonry on May 7, 2002.
Frank was recognized with the Outstanding Service Certificate for Contributions to Masonry and Volunteering, November 25, 2002, presented by the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ontario. To celebrate the 150th Anniversary of the Grand Lodge of Ontario, the Masonic District Deputy Grand Master for Chatham-Kent designated the 2005 fund-raising effort in support of Frank Gross for his annual Great Ride Against Cancer, raising $18,155.[3]
Each year over 2006-8, the Parthenon Lodge provided to a local graduating high school student a cash bursary named the Frank Gross Academic and Humanitarian Award.
[edit] 3 Cycling and fund-raising
Wearing his red cycling clothing and riding the only 10-speed road bike he ever owned -- a 1979 CCM Silver Ghost -- Frank Gross was a familiar sight on Chatham-Kent streets and roads over the period of his cycling years,[4][5] 1976 to November 3, 2005, his last log entry of 11.75 miles. A careful keeper of records, Gross logged 89,829 miles or 145,523 km over his 29 years of cycling.[6]
From April until September, 2008, the Silver Ghost and a history of Frank Gross' charitable activities were on display in the Chatham-Kent Museum.[citation needed]
Silver Ghost bike on display at the Chatham-Kent Museum, June, 2008
Silver Ghost bike on display at the Chatham-Kent Museum, June, 2008
Beginning in 1979, Frank participated each year through 2005 in the Annual Great Ride Against Cancer held by the Chatham-Kent branch of the Canadian Cancer Society.[7][8] By pledges received for his rides, Frank collected $83,584 from 2,622 total sponsors over these 26 years of fund-raising for cancer research and was the single largest fundraiser almost every year.[9]
[edit] 4 Community service and awards
Frank Gross donated his time generously, often spending hours visiting hospitalized neighbors, Masonic Lodge brothers, their family members or elderly friends unable to leave their homes. From 1994-2003, he was a volunteer driver for the Chatham-Kent branch of the Canadian Cancer Society, logging 243 trips and 33,824 miles or 56,374 km transporting a total of 409 patients in his own vehicle between Chatham and London or Windsor hospitals.[9]
For these activities and his cycling on behalf of fund-raising for cancer research, Frank was recognized with the following local, provincial or national awards as reported by two Chatham newspapers:
* Kent County Senior Achievement Award, June 16, 1995,[10] from Hon. Michael Harris, Premier of Ontario, July 24, 1995
* Ontario Senior Achievement Award,[11] Parliament Buildings, Queen’s Park, Toronto, June 20, 1995, presented by Lt. Governor Henry Jackman
* Canadian Red Cross Society, Distinguished Humanitarian Award, July, 1995
* Certificate of Appreciation, Royal Canadian Legion, Ontario Command, Branch 28-Chatham, 1998
* 20 year Service Award, Canadian Cancer Society, October 29, 1999
* International Year of Volunteers, Government of Canada Medal, presented at Chatham-Kent Council Meeting, Chatham City Hall, December 17, 2001
* Ontario Volunteer Service Award, September 17, 2002, presented by Hon. Carl de Faria, Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration
* Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship (posthumous), Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration, Parliament Buildings, Queen’s Park, Toronto, February 7, 2006, presented by Lt. Governor of Ontario, James Bartleman[1][2]
* Memorial Banquet[6]and Community Partner Award, Canadian Cancer Society, May, 2006
Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship awarded posthumously to Frank Gross, February 7, 2006
Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship awarded posthumously to Frank Gross, February 7, 2006
[edit] 5 Family and death
Frank Gross married Lilian Gladys Bailey (June 23, 1914 - September 23, 1994) of Brooklin, Ontario on June 26, 1941. They had two sons, Philip Garth (April 18, 1947 born in Listowel) and Paul Munn (April 17, 1950 born in Chatham).
Following complications associated with cancer of the pancreas first identified on December 28, 2005, Frank Gross died at the Chatham-Kent Public Health Alliance Hospital at 08.34 on Friday, January 13, 2006.
[edit] 6 References
1. ^ a b Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship Recipients Announced: Thirty-Eight Ontarians Recognized For Their Outstanding Public Contributions, Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration, February 2, 2006
2. ^ a b Boughner B., Schwab D. Frank Gross remembered with medal, Chatham Daily News, February 7, 2006
3. ^ Robinet D. Masons of Chatham and District donate to the Canadian Cancer Society, Chatham This Week, June 22, 2005
4. ^ Belzner C. Heart like a wheel, Chatham Daily News, April 16, 1992
5. ^ Belzner-Clock C. Our Heroes: Have bike will fund raise, Chatham Daily News, April, 1996
6. ^ a b Moffat, Liz (2006-10-31). "Frank Gross Memorial Banquet honours memory", Chatham-Kent Times. Retrieved on 2008-08-22.
7. ^ Drew S. Volunteer profile: Frank Gross, Chatham-Kent, Mainly For Seniors, August, 2002
8. ^ Staff reporter, Volunteering has been a way of life for Frank Gross, Chatham Daily News, April 21, 2005
9. ^ a b "Remembering Frank Gross – a very special guy", Chatham-Kent Times (2006-10-19). Retrieved on 2008-08-22.
10. ^ Staff reporter, Kent County honors three seniors with achievement awards for 1995, Lambton-Kent, Mainly for Seniors, July 7, 1995
11. ^ Daily News Staff and Thomson News Service, Chatham cycling enthusiast to receive achievement award, Chatham Daily News, June 14, 1995
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gross"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-26, at 00:59:05. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
This page was last modified on 2008-08-26, at 00:59:05. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) tax-deductible nonprofit charity.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedia's deletion policy.
Please share your thoughts on the matter at this article's entry on the Articles for deletion page.
Feel free to edit the article, but the article must not be blanked, and this notice must not be removed, until the discussion is closed. For more information, particularly on merging or moving the article during the discussion, read the guide to deletion.
Steps to list an article for deletion: 1. {{subst:afd}} 2. {{subst:afd2|pg=Frank Gross|cat=|text=}} ~~~~ (categories) 3. {{subst:afd3|pg=Frank Gross}} (add to top of list) 4. Please consider notifying the author(s) by placing {{subst:adw|Frank Gross}} ~~~~ on their talk page(s).
Frank George Gross, OMC (May 23, 1919 to January 13, 2006) was awarded the Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship (OMC) one month after his death in 2006,[1][2] the only Chatham-Kent resident to be recognized by the Government of Ontario for humanitarianism.
He had been well-known in the Chatham-Kent region as a life insurance underwriter, freemason, cyclist and philanthropist mainly on behalf of the Canadian Cancer Society.
Frank was born in Chesley, Ontario, had lived in Listowel, Ontario until 1948, and established his residence in Chatham at 11 Stone Avenue in April, 1948.
Frank Gross, OMC (1919-2006). Noted Chatham-Kent philanthropist, Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship, 2006
Frank Gross, OMC (1919-2006). Noted Chatham-Kent philanthropist, Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship, 2006
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Military service and business career
* 2 Freemasonry
* 3 Cycling and fund-raising
* 4 Community service and awards
* 5 Family and death
* 6 References
[edit] 1 Military service and business career
Frank Gross was enlisted in the Canadian Army on August 8, 1942, stationed at CFB Borden, Ontario and Aldershot, England and trained in tank operations. Rising to the rank of Corporal, he served in England during World War II as a tank trainer until his discharge on March 22, 1946. For war service, he was awarded the Canadian Defence Medal and Volunteer Service War Medal, both displayed in the picture to the right. Upon his return to Canada, Frank became a lifelong member of the Royal Canadian Legion.
Over the period of 1946-1956, Frank was a salesman for Fuller Brush Company after which he joined London Life Insurance Company as a life underwriter. He was President of the Kent County Life Underwriters Association in 1963 and was recognized for 21 consecutive years with the National Quality Award from the Canadian Life Insurance Association. Frank retired from London Life in 1983.
[edit] 2 Freemasonry
Frank Gross was initiated into the Parthenon Lodge, number 267 of the Masonic Order, in Chatham, Ontario, September, 1949. He rose to become Worshipful Master of Parthenon Lodge in 1954, was nominated to the Scottish Rite Lodge of Perfection and Rose Croix in 1958, and was distinguished with the Gold Honor Award, York Rite Sovereign College of North America, for Outstanding Masonry on May 7, 2002.
Frank was recognized with the Outstanding Service Certificate for Contributions to Masonry and Volunteering, November 25, 2002, presented by the Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Ontario. To celebrate the 150th Anniversary of the Grand Lodge of Ontario, the Masonic District Deputy Grand Master for Chatham-Kent designated the 2005 fund-raising effort in support of Frank Gross for his annual Great Ride Against Cancer, raising $18,155.[3]
Each year over 2006-8, the Parthenon Lodge provided to a local graduating high school student a cash bursary named the Frank Gross Academic and Humanitarian Award.
[edit] 3 Cycling and fund-raising
Wearing his red cycling clothing and riding the only 10-speed road bike he ever owned -- a 1979 CCM Silver Ghost -- Frank Gross was a familiar sight on Chatham-Kent streets and roads over the period of his cycling years,[4][5] 1976 to November 3, 2005, his last log entry of 11.75 miles. A careful keeper of records, Gross logged 89,829 miles or 145,523 km over his 29 years of cycling.[6]
From April until September, 2008, the Silver Ghost and a history of Frank Gross' charitable activities were on display in the Chatham-Kent Museum.[citation needed]
Silver Ghost bike on display at the Chatham-Kent Museum, June, 2008
Silver Ghost bike on display at the Chatham-Kent Museum, June, 2008
Beginning in 1979, Frank participated each year through 2005 in the Annual Great Ride Against Cancer held by the Chatham-Kent branch of the Canadian Cancer Society.[7][8] By pledges received for his rides, Frank collected $83,584 from 2,622 total sponsors over these 26 years of fund-raising for cancer research and was the single largest fundraiser almost every year.[9]
[edit] 4 Community service and awards
Frank Gross donated his time generously, often spending hours visiting hospitalized neighbors, Masonic Lodge brothers, their family members or elderly friends unable to leave their homes. From 1994-2003, he was a volunteer driver for the Chatham-Kent branch of the Canadian Cancer Society, logging 243 trips and 33,824 miles or 56,374 km transporting a total of 409 patients in his own vehicle between Chatham and London or Windsor hospitals.[9]
For these activities and his cycling on behalf of fund-raising for cancer research, Frank was recognized with the following local, provincial or national awards as reported by two Chatham newspapers:
* Kent County Senior Achievement Award, June 16, 1995,[10] from Hon. Michael Harris, Premier of Ontario, July 24, 1995
* Ontario Senior Achievement Award,[11] Parliament Buildings, Queen’s Park, Toronto, June 20, 1995, presented by Lt. Governor Henry Jackman
* Canadian Red Cross Society, Distinguished Humanitarian Award, July, 1995
* Certificate of Appreciation, Royal Canadian Legion, Ontario Command, Branch 28-Chatham, 1998
* 20 year Service Award, Canadian Cancer Society, October 29, 1999
* International Year of Volunteers, Government of Canada Medal, presented at Chatham-Kent Council Meeting, Chatham City Hall, December 17, 2001
* Ontario Volunteer Service Award, September 17, 2002, presented by Hon. Carl de Faria, Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration
* Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship (posthumous), Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration, Parliament Buildings, Queen’s Park, Toronto, February 7, 2006, presented by Lt. Governor of Ontario, James Bartleman[1][2]
* Memorial Banquet[6]and Community Partner Award, Canadian Cancer Society, May, 2006
Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship awarded posthumously to Frank Gross, February 7, 2006
Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship awarded posthumously to Frank Gross, February 7, 2006
[edit] 5 Family and death
Frank Gross married Lilian Gladys Bailey (June 23, 1914 - September 23, 1994) of Brooklin, Ontario on June 26, 1941. They had two sons, Philip Garth (April 18, 1947 born in Listowel) and Paul Munn (April 17, 1950 born in Chatham).
Following complications associated with cancer of the pancreas first identified on December 28, 2005, Frank Gross died at the Chatham-Kent Public Health Alliance Hospital at 08.34 on Friday, January 13, 2006.
[edit] 6 References
1. ^ a b Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship Recipients Announced: Thirty-Eight Ontarians Recognized For Their Outstanding Public Contributions, Ontario Ministry of Citizenship and Immigration, February 2, 2006
2. ^ a b Boughner B., Schwab D. Frank Gross remembered with medal, Chatham Daily News, February 7, 2006
3. ^ Robinet D. Masons of Chatham and District donate to the Canadian Cancer Society, Chatham This Week, June 22, 2005
4. ^ Belzner C. Heart like a wheel, Chatham Daily News, April 16, 1992
5. ^ Belzner-Clock C. Our Heroes: Have bike will fund raise, Chatham Daily News, April, 1996
6. ^ a b Moffat, Liz (2006-10-31). "Frank Gross Memorial Banquet honours memory", Chatham-Kent Times. Retrieved on 2008-08-22.
7. ^ Drew S. Volunteer profile: Frank Gross, Chatham-Kent, Mainly For Seniors, August, 2002
8. ^ Staff reporter, Volunteering has been a way of life for Frank Gross, Chatham Daily News, April 21, 2005
9. ^ a b "Remembering Frank Gross – a very special guy", Chatham-Kent Times (2006-10-19). Retrieved on 2008-08-22.
10. ^ Staff reporter, Kent County honors three seniors with achievement awards for 1995, Lambton-Kent, Mainly for Seniors, July 7, 1995
11. ^ Daily News Staff and Thomson News Service, Chatham cycling enthusiast to receive achievement award, Chatham Daily News, June 14, 1995
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Gross"
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List of Egged bus lines
List of Egged bus lines
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The Egged Bus Cooperative is the largest bus company in Israel, and one of the largest in the world. It operates over 400 bus lines, including internal city lines in many of Israel's cities (in others, the Dan Bus Company, Kavim, Superbus, etc. operate the internal lines), as well as most of Israel's inter-city lines. Below is a list.
While there is no consistent numbering scheme for Egged's lines, it seems to follow a few basic rules:
* Internal lines, and intercity lines in rural areas, are numbered below 100
* Short inter-city and suburban lines are numbered 100-299
* Long-distance lines are numbered 300-999, following some basic rules:
o 300-399 is for lines that operate in the Southern District (and some northern lines)
o 400-499 is for lines that operate in the Jerusalem District (and some northern lines)
o 500-699 is for lines that operate in the Sharon area (and very few northern lines)
o 700-899 is for lines that connect the North District to more southernly parts of Israel
o 900-999 is for lines that connect the Haifa District and surrounding areas to more southernly parts of Israel
Each bus line is classified by Egged as 'Regular' (measef), 'Express' or 'Direct' (yashir). The word measef literally means collecting, i.e. the bus either enters each town it passes, or stops at almost each intersection along its route, which usually makes it very slow compared to express buses. Express and direct buses, are usually on long-distance routes and might travel at certain sections along the same stretch as other bus routes, but they do not stop at each intersection. On top of that, an express/direct bus is not obligated to pick up short-distance passengers and the driver cannot sell a ticket for a short ride along his route. The express/direct lines are not usually pure non-stop routes, but might have a minimal amount of stops while leaving and entering the different cities. All internal city buses are considered regular/collecting.[1]
Many if not most of Egged's intercity bus lines originate or end in a central bus station/terminal (CBS/CBT). Tel Aviv Central Bus Station is the largest terminal in Israel, and some say the largest in the world.[2]
As previously mentioned, some intercity lines in rural areas are numbered below 100. Those lines are included in the "internal" sections for the large city that they begin or end in. When the bus enters a new municipality, the name of the municipality is bolded.
Certain lines use armoured buses. Those lines are marked with a small tank icon ().
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Internal
o 1.1 Akko
o 1.2 Eilat
o 1.3 Haifa
+ 1.3.1 Night lines
o 1.4 Hatzor HaGlilit
o 1.5 Jerusalem
+ 1.5.1 Night lines
o 1.6 Kfar Saba
o 1.7 Kiryat Shmona
o 1.8 Ra'anana
o 1.9 Rishon LeZion
* 2 Intercity
o 2.1 Short distance
o 2.2 Long distance
* 3 Haredi Intercity lines
* 4 Notes
* 5 External links
[edit] 1 Internal
[edit] 1.1 Akko
Line Route
1 Shikunei Hamizrah - CBS - Shikunei Hazafon
2 Shikunei Hamizrah - Ben Gurion neighbourhood - CBS - Shikunei Hazafon
[edit] 1.2 Eilat
Line Route
1 Dan Hotel - Eilat CBS - Shahamon neighborhood - Mitzpe Yam neighborhood - Ye'elim neighborhood - Dan Hotel
2 Neptune Hotel - Ye'elim neighborhood - Mitzpe Yam neighborhood - Shahamon neighborhood - Neptune Hotel
5/5a Neptune Hotel - Ye'elim neighborhood - Urim neighborhood - Tze'elim neighborhood - Neptune Hotel
15/15a Eilat CBS - Ophira Park - HaYam Mall - Dolphinarium - Coral Beach - Underwater Observatory - Taba Border Crossing
100/200/300 Hotels workers - Goes beetween most hotels, and all the neighborhoods in Eilat
Map of Egged bus lines in Eilat (Hebrew) |-
[edit] 1.3 Haifa
Line Route
1 Kiryat Shprintzak - Ein HaYam - Ha'Haganah - Kiryat Eliezer - Downtown - Hadar - Ha'Giborim
2 Kiryat Shprintzak - Ein HaYam - Ha'Haganah - Kiryat Eliezer - Downtown - Hadar - Ha'Giborim - Neve Paz - Hof Sheman
3 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Neve David - West Carmel - Carmel Center - Ramat Hadar - Hadar - Downtown - Bat Galim CBS
4 Geula - East Carmel - North Hadar - West Carmel - HaTzionut - West Carmel - Hertzaliya - East Carmel - Geula (Circular)
5 Grand Canyon - Vardia - Carmel Center - West Carmel - Ein Ha'yam - Bat Galim CBS - Kirat Ha'Mamshela
6 Government compound - Downtown - Tel Amal - East Carmel - Bahai Gardens - Stella Maris - HaTzionut - Hertzaliya - Geula
7 Hadar - Geula - Vizhnitz - Hadar HaCarmel East
8 Bat Galim - Kiryat Eliezer - German Colony - Lower Bahai Gardens - Hadar - Geula - German Colony - Bat Galim (Circular)
9/9a Ziv Center - Ramat Hen - Ramot Sapir - Ramat Remez - Ziv Center (circular)
10 Government compound - Center HaShmona Railway Station - German Colony - Lower Bahai Gardens - Hadar - Geula - Center HaShmona Railway Station- Government compound (Circular)
11 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Ramat Eshkol - Horev Center - Rommema - Ziv - Technion
12/12a Government compound - Center HaShmona Railway Station - German Colony - Lower Bahai Gardens - Hadar - Carmel Center - Ahuza - Horev Center - Carmel Hospital
13 Halisa - Neve Yoseph - Tel Amal - Hadar - Government compound - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
15 Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Yizraelia - Yad La'Banim road - Halisa - Hadar - Government compound - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
16 Grand Canyon - Ziv Center - Geula - Hadar - Government compound - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
17 Technion - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Halisa - Downtown - Government compound - Center HaShmona Railway Station - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
18/18a Neve Sha'anan - Ziv Center - Yad La'Banim road - Hadar - Downtown - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
19/19a Technion - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Neve Yosef - Hadar. 19a continues to Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim.
20 Ziv Center - Ramat Alon - Ramat Remez - Ziv Center (circular)
22 Carmel Hospital - Horev Center - Carmel Center - Ha'Zionot Bv' - Wadi Nisnas - Downtown - Linn Clinic - Bat Galim CBS
27 Old Romema - Vardia - Carmel Center - Vardia - Old Romema (circular)
28 Grand Canyon - Neve Sha'anan - Ziv Center - Horev Center - Carmel Center -Bnai Zion Hospital - Hadar - German Colony - Linn Clinic - Bat Galim CBS
33 Carmel Center - Carmeliya - Carmel Center (circular)
34 Carmel Center - Kababir - Carmel Center (circular)
35 Carmel Center - West Carmel - Kiryat Shprintzak - Hof Ha'Carmel CBS (Shabbat afternoons only)
36 Haifa University - Ramat Remez - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Neve Yosef - Hadar
37/37a Bat Galim CBS - Hadar - Mercaz Carmel - Mercaz Horev - Haifa University. 37a continues to Carmel City (Daliyat al-Karmel & Isfiya)
103 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Ha'Haganah - Bat Galim CBS - Downtown - HaMifratz CBS
123 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Freud Rd. - Horev Center - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Neve Yosef - HaMifratz CBS
125 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Freud Rd. - Carmel Hospital- Horev Center - Grand Canyon - Neve Sha'anan - Neve Yosef - HaMifratz CBS
131 Carmel Hospital - Horev Center - Moria - Freud Rd. - Horev Center - Carmel Center - Bnai Zion Hospital - Ha'Giborim Street - HaMifratz CBS
133 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Freud Rd. - Horev Center - Carmel Center - Bnai Zion Hospital - Ha'Giborim Street - HaMifratz CBS
141 Haifa University - Ramat Remez - Ziv Center - HaMifratz CBS
143 Haifa University - Road Num' 705 - HaMifratz CBS
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] 1.3.1 Night lines
These lines run every night. Official Egged website page about night lines
Line Route
200 Dado Beach (next to Hof HaCarmel CBS and train station - Carmel Ma'aravi - Merkaz Ha-Carmel - Horev Center - Haifa University - Technion - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Hadar HaCarmel - German Colony - Sail Tower
210 Kiryon - Tzur Shalom - Kiryat Yam - Kiryat Motzkin - Kiryat Bialik - Kiryat Haim - INS Eilat - Chalutzei HaTa'asiya - Kiryat Ata - Givat Ram & Givat Tal
[edit] 1.4 Hatzor HaGlilit
Line Route
1 Hatzor HaGlilit CBT - Industrial Area - Hassidic Quarter Junction - Center - Neve Harim - Bene Beitcha and back (Circular).
2/2a Hatzor HaGlilit CBT - Industrial Area - Hassidic Quarter Junction - Center - Neve Harim and back (Circular).
3 Hatzor HaGlilit CBT - Industrial Area - Hassidic Quarter - Center - Neve Harim and back (Circular).
[edit] 1.5 Jerusalem
Line Route
1/1a Jerusalem CBS - Malchei Yisrael St. - Mea Shearim St. - Damascus Gate - Western Wall - HaNevi'im St. - Strauss St. - Malchei Yisrael St. - Jerusalem CBS
2 Kfar Shaul - Har Nof - Givat Shaul St. - Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Mattersdorf - Kiryat Sanz - Bar Ilan St. - Shivtei Yisrael St. - Damascus Gate - Western Wall
3/3a Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Belz - Kiryat Mattersdorf - Kiryat Sanz
4/4a route 4: French Hill / route 4a: Har HaTzofim (Mt Scopus) - Ramat Eshkol- Maalot Dafna- Pituchei Chotam St. (continuation of Shimon Hatzaddik St. near Maalot Dafna/Arzei Habirah/Shmuel Hanavi St.) - Yehezkel St. - King George St. - Keren HaYesod St. - Emek Refaim - Yochanan Ben Zakkai St. - Malha Railway Station
5/5a[3] Jerusalem CBS - Kikar Denya - Yad Sarah - Sha'arei Tzedek - Moshe Kol St. - Givat Mordechai - Pat Intersection - Talpiot - Har Homa
6/6a[3] Pisgat Ze'ev - French Hill Junction - Highway 1 & Shivtei Yisrael - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Givat Mordechai - Pat Intersection - Malha Mall - Malha Railway Station
7/7a Har Hotzvim - Kiryat Sanz - Kiryat Mattersdorf - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - King George St. -Keren Hayesod St. - Hebron Rd. (Bethlehem Rd. on return) - route 7: Ramat Rachel / route 7a: Diplomat Hotel
8/8a Talpiot East - Hebron Way - Keren Hayesod St. - King George St. - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Yirmeyahu St. - Bar Ilan St. - Levi Eshkol Blvd. - Pisgat Ze'ev
9/9a Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Hamemshala (Knesset) - Givat Ram (Hebrew University) - Rehavia - King George St. - Davidka
10/10a Mea Shearim - Beit Yisrael - Sanhedria - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ramat Shlomo - Golda Meir Blvd. - Kiryat Sanz - Kiryat Mattersdorf - Kiryat Belz - Shamgar St. - Malchei Yisrael St. - Mea Shearim
11/11a Har Nof - Givat Shaul St. - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - Strauss St. - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ramat Shlomo
12 Armon HaNetziv - Talpiot - Pat Intersection - Malha Mall - Kiryat Yovel - Givat Massua - Ir Ganim - Kiriyat Menachem - Hadassah Medical Center
13 Old Katamon - HaPalmach St. - Jabotinsky St. - King David St. - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Herzl Blvd. - Masua
15/15a Har Nof - Kfar Shaul - Givat Shaul - Jerusalem CBS - Malchei Yisrael St. - Mea Shearim St. - Damascus Gate - Jaffa Road - Strauss St. - Malchei Yisrael St. - Jerusalem CBS - Givat Shaul - Har Nof
16 Bayit Vegan - Herzl Blvd. - Kiryat Moshe - Givat Shaul St. - (Shamgar St. -) Kiryat Mattersdorf - Sorotzkin St. - Shikun Chabad - Bar Ilan St. - Sanhedria - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ramot
17/17a Ein Karem - Givat Mordechai - Nayot - Israel Museum - Metudella - Aza (Gaza)Rd. - King George St. - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS
18/18a Malha Railway Station - Malha Mall - Emek Refaim St. - King David St. - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Herzl Blvd. - Mount Herzl - Kiryat Yovel
19/19a Har HaTzofim (Mount Scopus) - Levi Eshkol Blvd. - Maalot Dafna- Pituchei Chotam St. (continuation of Shimon Hatzaddik St. near Maalot Dafna/Arzei Habirah/Shmuel Hanavi St.) - Yehezkel St. - King George St. - Betzalel St.- Ussishkin St. - Aza (Gaza) / Herzog St. - Golomb St. - Ein Kerem Hadassah Medical Center
20 Givat Massua - Ir Ganim - Kiriyat Menachem - Kiryat Yovel - Yad Vashem & Mount Herzl - Beit HaKerem - Kiryat Moshe - Givat Shaul - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - Shlomzion St. - Jaffa Gate
21/21a[3] Ramat Sharett - Bayit VeGan - Herzl Blvd. - Mount Herzl - Yad Sarah - Kikar Denya - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - King George St. - Emek Refaim St. - Talpiot. 21a continues to Givat HaMatos.
22/22a Pisgat Ze'ev - French Hill Junction - Ramat Eshkol - Maalot Dafna/Pituchei Chotam St. (continuation of Shimon Hatzaddik St. near Maalot Dafna/Arzei Habirah/Shmuel Hanavi St.)- Geula - Jaffa Road - Shlomzion St. - Rehavia - Rasco - San Simon - Katamonim - Pat - Talpiot bus terminal
23 Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - Saladin - Geula - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Mount Herzl - Bayit VeGan - Kiryat Yovel
24 Malcha Shopping Mall - Pat Intersection - Emek Refaim St. - Kovshei Katamon St. - Tchernichovsky St. - Ruppin Rd. - Kiryat Hamemshala (Knesset) - Givat Ram (Hebrew University)
24a Israel Museum - Ruppin Rd. - Kiryat Hamemshala (Knesset) - Givat Ram (Hebrew University) - Kiryat Moshe - Herzl Blvd. - Kiryat Yovel - Malha Mall - Pat - Talpiot bus terminal
25/25a Jerusalem CBS - Machaneh Yehudah - Strauss St. - Kikar HaShabbat - Ma'alot Dafna - Ramat Eshkol - French Hill Junction - Neveh Yaakov
26/26a Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - Ammunition Hill - Ramat Eshkol - Sanhedria - Mekor Baruch - Jerusalem CBS - Givat Shaul - Kiryat Moshe - Beit HaKerem - Yad Vashem & Mount Herzl - Kiryat Yovel - Manachat - Biblical Zoo
27/27a Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Moshe - Beit HaKerem - Yad Vashem & Mount Herzl - Kiryat Yovel - Hadassah Hospital - Even Sapir
28 Givat Ram - Jerusalem CBS - Shikun Chabad - Bar Ilan Junc. - Ramat Eshkol - French Hill - Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital
29 Har HaMenuchot Cemetery - Givat Shaul North - Jerusalem CBS
30 Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - Musrara - Jaffa Road - Shlomzion St. - Abu Tor - Baka - Talpiot - Tunnels Junction - Gilo
31/031 Gilo - Malha Mall - Begin Expressway - Jerusalem CBS - Machaneh Yehudah - King George St. - Gaza (Aza) St. - Herzog St. - Malha Mall - Gilo
32/032 Ramot - Begin Expressway - Jerusalem CBS - Machaneh Yehudah - King George St. - Gaza (Aza) St. - Herzog St. - Malha Mall - Gilo
33 Har Nof - Beit HaDfus St. - Kiryat Moshe - Herzl Blvd. - Kikar Holland - Bayit Vegan - Ramat Sharett - Malha Mall - Malha Railway Station - Gilo
34/34a Ramot - Begin Expressway - Jerusalem CBS - Malha Mall - Gilo - Har Homa
35/35a Kfar Shaul - Givat Shaul South - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - Strauss St. - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ramot
36 Strauss St. - Kiryat Sanz - Sanhedria - Atirot Mada - Ramot
37 Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - French Hill - Ramat Shlomo - Ramot
38 Jewish Quarter - Western Wall - Old Train Station - King George St. - Jaffa Road - Shlomzion St. - Jaffa Gate - Armenian Quarter - Zion Gate - Jewish Quarter
39/39a Atirot Mada - Sanhedria - Ramat Eshkol - Bar Ilan Junc. - Geula - Jerusalem CBS - Beit HaKerem - Mount Herzl - Bayit Vegan
40/40a Ramot - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ezrat Torah - Yehezkel St. - Strauss St. (Bikur Cholim Hospital)
41 Jerusalem CBS - Geula - Sanhedria - Atirot Mada - Atarot
42/42a Hadassah Medical Center (Ein Kerem) - Tzomet Pat - Givat Ram (Hebrew University) - French Hill - Mount Scopus
44 Ramot only
45/45a Givat Shaul - Jerusalem CBS - Geula - Ma'alot Dafna/Arzei Habirah; stop is ON Shimon Hatzaddik St.)in opposite direction it's located on Pituchei Chotam St. (continuation of Shimon Hatzaddik St. near Maalot Dafna/Arzei Habirah/Shmuel Hanavi St.) - Ramat Eshkol - French Hill Junction - Neve Yaakov (45a continues to Kamianets)
46 Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - French Hill - Pisgat Ze'ev - Neve Yaakov
47 Pisgat Ze'ev only
48[4] Har HaTzofim (Mt Scopus) University tunnel - Ma'ale Adumim tunnel - Yitzchak HaNadiv road - Hadassah Lampel road - Beit Orot square - Brigham Young University Jerusalem Center (a.k.a. Mormon University) - Martin Buber road - Hebrew University tunnel
49a Magen David Adom - Kiryat Matersdorf - Sorotzkin St - Ohel Yehoshua St - Shamgar St - Malchei Yisrael St
50 Safra Square - HaNevi'im St. - Jerusalem CBS - Givat Shaul - Kiryat Moshe - Givat Beit HaKerem
56 Ramat Shlomo - Golda Meir Blvd. - Shmuel HaNavi St. - Yehezkel St. - Strauss St. (Bikur Holim Hospital)
60[5] Le'um Car Park (National Precinct) - Binyanei HaUma - Jaffa Street - Karta Car Park (Mamilla)
62 Har Gilo - Malha Mall
66[3] Pisgat Ze'ev - French Hill Junction - Highway 1 & Shivtei Yisrael - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS
70 Jerusalem CBS - Shikun Chabad - Bar Ilan Junc. - French Hill Junction - Pisgat Ze'ev - Central Command
72 Anatot/Elmon - Pisgat Ze'ev - French Hill Junction - Ramat Eshkol - Jerusalem CBS
74[3] Downtown Express: Jerusalem CBS - Mahane Yehuda Market - King George St. - Keren Hayesod St. - Chan Theater - Banks Intersection - Givat HaMatos Intersection - Har Homa
80 Bayit Vegan - Beit HaKerem - Kiryat Moshe - Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Belz
81 Atirot Mada - Bar Ilan Junc. - Shikun Chabad
82 Bayit Vegan - Yad Vashem & Mount Herzl - Beit HaKerem - Kiryat Moshe - Givat Shaul - French Hill Junction - Pisgat Ze'ev - Central Command - Neve Yaakov - Kamianets
97 Mekor Baruch - Givat Shaul - Kfar Shaul - Har Nof
99 Bus 99 is a Double decker tourist bus that stops at major tourist attractions throughout the city. Riders are provided with information about the sites in eight different languages. The bus is priced as a tourist attraction, and is therefore only used in that capacity. Egged Bus 99 website.
[edit] 1.5.1 Night lines
These lines run every night except Friday night, due to Shabbat. Official Egged website page about night lines
Line Route
101 Ma'ale Adumim - Har HaTzofim (Mount Scopus) - City Center - Talpiot
102 Gilo - Talpiot - City Center - Jerusalem CBS
103 Neve Yaakov - Pisgat Ze'ev - City Center - Talpiot
104 Mevaseret Zion - Jerusalem CBS - City Center - Mamilla
105 Giv'at Ze'ev - Ramot - City Center - Talpiot
106 Masua - Kiryat Yovel - Talpiot - City Center - Jerusalem CBS
107 Har Homa - East Talpiot - City Center - Jerusalem CBS
[edit] 1.6 Kfar Saba
Line Route
1 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Industrial Zone - Kfar Saba CBS
2 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Industrial Zone - Tekuma - Train - Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Shikun Aliyah
3 Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Mishkanot - Motzkin - Chatzrot Hadar - Kiryat Sapir - Kfar Saba CBS
5 Kaplan - Country Club - Kissufim - Mishkanot - Meir Hospital - Maoz - Kiryat Sapir - Kfar Saba CBS - Mishkanot - Ganei HaSharon - Kaplan
12 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Industrial Zone - Tekuma - Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Ra'anana: Ra'anana CBT- Achuza - Levinston Hospital - Herzliya: Neve Amal - Herzliya CBS - Lev Ha'Ir (downtown) - Rav Kook - Train - Industrial Zone - Development Area - Hotels
13 Kfar Saba CBS - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Gan Chaim - Tzofit - Beit Berel - Sde Warburg - Ramat HaCovesh - Tira - Tzur Natan - Tayibe: Industrial Zone - Police - Southern Bus Terminal - Northern Bus Terminal - Sha'ar Ephraim - Qalansawe
17 Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Gan Chaim - Tzofit - Beit Berel. The bus then returns in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
18 Kfar Saba CBS - Tekuma - Industrial Zone - Neve Yamin - Nir Eliyahu - Ayil - Kokhav Ya'ir: Tzur Yigal - Egoz - Beit El - Dan - Tira - Tzur Natan - Selait. The bus then returns in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
19 Kfar Saba CBS - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Gan Chaim - Tzofit - Beit Berel - Sde Warburg. The bus then returns to Tzofit, and continues in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
20 Kfar Saba CBS - Tekuma - Industrial Zone - Neve Yamin - Galguliya Junc. - Sde Hemed - Yarhiv - Matan - Nirit. The bus then returns to Neve Yamin, and continues in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
21 Kfar Saba CBS - Tekuma - Train - Industrial Zone - Neve Yamin - Nir Eliyahu - Ayil - Kokhav Ya'ir: Tzur Yigal - Egoz - Beit El - Dan - Flower Road. The bus then returns in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
28 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Neve Yamin - Kfar Saba: Industrial Zone - Tekuma - Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Ra'anana: Ra'anana CBT - Ahuza - Shikun Asher - Levinston Hospital - Herzliya: Gan Rashel - Magen David Adom - Herzliya CBS
029 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Industrial Zone - Tekuma - Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Ra'anana: Ra'anana CBT - Ahuza - Levinston Hospital - Herzliya: Neve Amal - Magen David Adom - Lev Ha'Ir (downtown) - Rav Kook - Train - Nordeau - Waterfront Area - Development Area
032 Beit Berel - Tzofit - Gan Chaim - Kfar Saba: Meir Hospital - Ra'anana: Ra'anana CBT - Ahuza - Shikun Asher - Levinston Hospital - Herzliya: Gan Rashel - Neve Amal - Magen David Adom - Herzliya CBS - Lev Ha'Ir (downtown) - Neve Yisrael - Neve Amirim - Ramat HaSharon: Star theater - Alon - Ushiskin - Rishonim - Neve Magen - Morasha - Industrial Area - Kedma Terminal
74 Kfar Saba CBS - Neve Yamin - Tzofim - Karnei Shomron - Immanuel - Revava - Ariel
Map of selected Egged bus lines in Kfar Saba (Hebrew)
[edit] 1.7 Kiryat Shmona
Line Route
20/21 Kiryat Shmona, Tel Hai, Kfar Giladi, Kfar Yuval, Metulla
23/24 Kiryat Shmona, Tel Hai, Kfar Giladi, Misgav 'Am, Margaliot, Manara
29/30 Kiryat Shmona, Bet Hillel, Sde Nehemia, Amir, Kfar Blum, Shamir, Kfar Szold
31/32 Kiryat Shmona, Gome Junc., Kfar Blum, Neot Mordehai, Lehavot HaBashan, Gonen
33 Kiryat Shmona
34 Kiryat Shmona, Gome Junc., Koah Junc., Yiftah, Ramot Naftali, Malkiya, Dishon
35/36 Kiryat Shmona, Maayan Baruch, HaGoshrim, She'ar Yashuv, Dafna, Dan, Snir, Kfar Szold, Bet Hillel
55 Kiryat Shmona, Maayan Baruch, HaGoshrim, She'ar Yashuv, Dafna, Dan, Snir, Si'on Junc., Neve Ativ, Majdal Shams, Mas'adah, Buq'ata, El Rom, Merom Golan, Ein Zivan, Ortal, Katzrin, Beit Saida Junc., Gadot, Mishmar HaYarden, Mahanaim, Camp Yiftah, Hazor HaGelilit
57 Hazor HaGelilit, Mahanaim, Gadot, Katzrin
58 Kiryat Shmona, Maayan Baruch, HaGoshrim, She'ar Yashuv, Dafna, Dan, Snir, Si'on Junc., Camp Nimrod, Neve Ativ, Mas'adah, Buq'ata, El Rom, Merom Golan, Ein Zivan, Ortal, Kidmat Zvi, Katsrin, Beit Saida Junc., Gadot, Mishmar HaYarden, Hazor HaGelilit
63 Kiryat Shmona, Gome Junc., Koah Junc., HaHula-Shmura, Camp Yiftah, Yesod HaMa'ala, Mahanaim, Hazor HaGelilit, Rosh Pina, Elifelet, Ami'ad, Chorazin, Capernaum (=Kfar Nahum), Karei Deshe, Huqoq, Ginosar, Migdal, Tiberias
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] 1.8 Ra'anana
Map of Egged bus lines in Ra'anana (Hebrew)
Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (June 2008)
[edit] 1.9 Rishon LeZion
Map of selected Egged bus lines in Rishon LeZion (Hebrew)
Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (June 2008)
[edit] 2 Intercity
[edit] 2.1 Short distance
Line Route Type Via
30 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - HaNasi Junction - Tifrah - Ofakim - Urim - Tze'elim - Camp Tze'elim
31 Beer Sheva - Kibbutz Hazerim - Camp Tze'elim
33 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - Hanasi Junction - Tifrah - Ofakim
35 Beer Sheva - Hanasi Junc. - Tifrah - Ofakim - N. P. Eshkol
40 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - HaNasi Junction - Tifrah - Netivot
42 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - HaNasi Junction - Bet Qama Junc. - Lahav
43 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - HaNasi Junction - Rahat - Netivot
47 Beer Sheva - Lehavim - Lahav
048/48a Beer Sheva - Dimona
049 Dimona - Nevatim - Shaqib al-Salam - Beer Sheva: University - Soroka Hospital - City Hall - Central Bus Station
51 Beer Sheva - Shoqet Junc. - Livna - Suseya - Karmel - Pene Hever - Kiryat Arba
56/56a Beer Sheva - Shaqib al-Salam - Nevatim - Dimona
61 Beer Sheva - Shoket Junction - Meitar - Shim'a - Othniel - Bet Haggai - Kiryat Arba
122 Jerusalem - Ma'ale Adummim
123 Jerusalem - Ma'ale Adummim
124 Jerusalem - Ma'ale Adummim
142 Jerusalem CBS - Adam
143 Jerusalem CBS - Tel Zion Kokhav Ya'acov
147 Jerusalem CBS - Ofra Adam, Sha'ar Binyamin, Kokhav Ya'akov, Psagot
148 Jerusalem CBS - Kokhav Ya'akov, Giv'at Asaf, Ofra, Shvut Rachel, Shilo, Eli, Ma'ale Levona, Ariel
159[6][7] Petah Tikva CBS - Camp Tzrifin
160 Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Arba Hebron
161 Jerusalem CBS - Kfar Etzion Alon Shvut, Efrat
163 Jerusalem CBS - Rachel's Tomb
164 Jerusalem CBS - Bat Ayin Alon Shvut, Efrat (south circle)
164 Petah Tikva CBS - Rehovot CBS Regular Rishon LeZion Old CBS, Ness Ziona
165 Jerusalem CBS - Metzad Ma'ale Amos
166 Jerusalem CBS - Nokdim Tekoa
167 Jerusalem CBS - Efrat
170 Jerusalem CBS - Beit El
171 Jerusalem CBS - Giv'at Ze'ev
173 Jerusalem CBS - Mitzpe Yeriho
174 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Adummim
175 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Adummim
176 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Adummim
177 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Adummim
178 Jerusalem CBS - Eli
179 Jerusalem CBS - Psagot
181 Jerusalem CBS - Talmon
183 Jerusalem CBS - Kesalon
185 Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Yearim/Neve Ilan Abu Ghosh
186 Jerusalem CBS - Beit Meir
187 Jerusalem CBS - Har Adar
188 Jerusalem CBS - Ein Rafa
201 Tel Aviv CBS - Rehovot CBS Regular Rishon LeZion Old CBS, Ness Ziona
202 Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS - Pardes Hana Regular Zichron Ya'akov, Binyamina
249 Petah Tikva CBS - Rehovot CBS Regular Lod, Ramla
281 Sasa - HaMifratz CBS Regular Ma'alot Tarshiha - Nahariya - Akko - Kiryat Bialik
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] 2.2 Long distance
Line Route Type Via
300 Tel Aviv CBS - Ashkelon CBS Direct
301 Tel Aviv CBS - Ashkelon CBS Regular Rishon LeZion Old CBS, Rehovot CBS, Gedera CBS, Mal'akhi Junction
310 Tel Aviv CBS - Ashkelon CBS Regular Yavne, Mal'akhi Junction
311 Tel Aviv 2000 Terminal - Ashkelon CBS Express Yavne
332 Haifa HaMifraz CBS - Nazareth Illit Regular Migdal HaEmek, Nazareth
364 Beersheba CBS - Ashkelon Express Yad Mordechai
366 Beersheba CBS - Ashkelon Express Yad Mordechai
370 Beersheba CBS - Tel Aviv Direct
383[8][7] Ashkelon CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Malachi Junc.
384 Beer Sheva CBS - Ein Gedi Express Shoket Junc. - Arad CBS - Neve Zohar - Ein Bokek - Massada
385 Beer Sheva CBS - Ein Bokek Regular Shoket Junc. - Arad CBS - Neve Zohar
389 Tel Aviv CBS - Arad CBS Direct Lehavim
390[8] Tel Aviv CBS - Eilat CBS Direct
391[8][7] Ashdod CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Malachi Junc.
392 Eilat CBS - Beersheba CBS Regular Ovda, Mizpe Ramon
393 Tel Aviv CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Dimona CBS, Nes Ziona, Rehovot
394 Tel Aviv CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Rishon LeZion New CBS, Beersheba CBS, Dimona CBS
396[8] Ra'anana Junction - Eilat CBS Express Petah Tikva CBS
397[8] Beersheba CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Dimona CBS
398[8][7] Netanya CBS - Eilat CBS Express Ashdod Junc., Malachi Junc.
399[8] Hadera CBS - Eilat CBS Express Netanya
400 Jerusalem CBS - Bnei Brak Direct Aluf Sade Interchange, Bar Ilan
404 Jerusalem CBS - Bat Yam Express Latrun, Ramla CBS, Holon
405 Jerusalem CBS - Tel Aviv CBS Direct
406[9] Bat Yam - Jerusalem CBS Direct via Holon
415 Jerusalem CBS - Beit Shemesh Express Shimshon Junction
416 Jerusalem CBS - Ramat Beit Shemesh Express
417 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Ramat Beit Shemesh Express Jerusalem Geulah - Jerusalem CBS
420 Jerusalem CBS - Beit Shemesh Direct Harel interchange
421 Neve Zohar - Tel Aviv Arlozorov Terminal Express Massada - Ein Gedi - Jerusalem CBS
423[9] Jerusalem CBS - Petah Tikva CBS Express
430 Jerusalem CBS - Rishon LeZion New CBS Direct
432 Jerusalem CBS - Rishon LeZion New CBS Express Latrun, Ramla, Rehovot, Nes Ziona
433 Jerusalem CBS - Rishon LeZion New CBS Express Camp Tzrifin
434 Jerusalem CBS - Rehovot CBS Express Latrun
435 Jerusalem CBS - Rehovot CBS Express Latrun, Ramla
437 Jerusalem CBS - Ashkelon CBS Regular Shimshon Junction, Re'em Junction, Mal'akhi Junction
438 Jerusalem CBS - Ashdod CBS Regular Shimshon Junction, Re'em Junction, Gedera Junction, Bnei Darom Junction
440 Jerusalem CBS - Beersheba CBS Regular Gush Etzion Junction, Kiryat Arba
443 Jerusalem CBS - Beersheba CBS Regular Kiryat Mal'akhi, Sderot, Netivot
444 Jerusalem CBS - Eilat CBS Express Ein Gedi, Ein Bokek
446 Jerusalem CBS - Beersheba CBS Regular Shimshon Junction, Re'em Junction, Mal'akhi Junction
448 Jerusalem CBS - Ashdod CBS Express Latrun Junction, Gedera Junction, Givat Washington Junction, Bene Darom Junction
470 Jerusalem CBS - Beersheba CBS Direct
480 Jerusalem CBS - Tel Aviv Arlozorov Terminal Direct
486 Jerusalem CBS - Neve Zohar Express Ein Gedi, Ein Bokek
487 Jerusalem CBS - Ein Gedi Express
500 Kiryat Shmona CBS - Haifa HaMifraz CBS Direct Ami'ad, Karmiel, Akko, Kiryat Haim
501 Kiryat Shmona CBS - Haifa HaMifraz CBS Regular Rosh Pina, Safed, Meron, Karmiel, Akko, Kiryat Haim
501 Tel Aviv CBS - Ra'anana Junction Regular Herzliya CBS
502 Tel Aviv CBS - Ra'anana Junction Regular Herzliya CBS
505 Kiryat Shmona CBS - Haifa HaMifraz CBS Direct Rosh Pina, Golani Junction, Kiryat Tivon
531 Tel Aviv CBS - Ra'anana Junction Regular Ramat Gan, Ramat HaSharon, Herzliya, Ra'anana
551 Petah Tikva CBS - Herzliya CBS Regular Hod Hasharon CBS, Ra'anana Junction
561 Tel Aviv CBS - Kfar Saba CBS Regular Hod Hasharon CBS, Ra'anana Junction
564 Tel Hashomer - Kfar Saba CBS Express Aluf Sade Interchange, Geha Junction, Ra'anana Junction
567 Tel Aviv CBS - Kfar Saba CBS Express Ramat Gan, Ra'anana Junction
568 Tel Aviv CBS - Qalansawe Express Ra'anana Junc., Kfar Saba, Tira, Tayibe
571 Tel Aviv CBS - Kfar Saba CBS Regular Hod Hasharon CBS
600 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Direct
601 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Regular Wingate
602 Netanya CBS - Tel Aviv CBS Direct
604[9] Netanya CBS - Tel Aviv Reading Terminal Regular Wingate
605 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Direct
618 Netanya - Tel HaShomer Express Herzliya, Ramat HaSharon, Tel Aviv CBS, Bene Berak
620 Tel HaShomer - Herzliya Express Ramat HaSharon
627 Zoran - Tel Aviv CBS Regular Ra'anana Junction, Petah Tikva CBS
641 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Regular Petah Tikva CBS, Hod Hasharon CBS, HaSharon Junction
642 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Regular Petah Tikva CBS, Hod Hasharon CBS
784 Haifa, Technion - Tel Aviv CBS Atlit, Hadera, Netanya, Herzliya
823 Tel Aviv CBS - Nazareth Illit Regular Ra'anana Junction, Hadera CBS, Afula CBS, Nazareth CBS
826 Tel Aviv CBS - Nazareth Illit Express Fureidis Junction, Yokne'am, Migdal HaEmek, Nazareth CBS
835 Tel Aviv CBS - Tiberias CBS Herzliya, Netanya, Hadera, Afula, Golani Junction
840 Tel Aviv CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Express Afula CBS, Tiberias CBS, Hazor HaGlilit CBS
841 Tel Aviv CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Regular HaSharon Junction, Hadera CBS, Afula CBS, Tiberias CBS, Rosh Pina CBS, Hazor HaGelilit CBS
842 Tel Aviv CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Direct Afula CBS, Rosh Pina CBS, Hazor HaGlilit CBS
843 Tel Aviv CBS - Katzrin CBS Express Herzliya CBS, Netanya CBS, Givat Olga, Hamat Gader
845 Tel Aviv CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Direct Rosh Pina CBS, Hazor HaGlilit CBS
846 Tel Aviv CBS - Safed Express Herzliya, Netanya, HaMovil Junc.
848 Tel Aviv CBS - Karmiel Regular Herzliya, Netanya, Givat Olga, Elyakim, HaMovil Junc.
852 Tel Aviv CBS - Pardes Hanna-Karkur Express Hadera
872 Tel Aviv CBS - Zikhron Ya'aqov Express Hadera
910 Tel Aviv CBS - Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS Express Herzliya, Netanya, Atlit
921 Tel Aviv CBS - Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS Regular Petah Tikva CBS, Hod Hasharon CBS, HaSharon Junction
930 Jerusalem CBS - Netanya CBS Direct Hod HaSharon, Ra'anana Junction
940 Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS - Jerusalem CBS Direct Via Highway 6
947 Jerusalem CBS - Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS Express Ben Gurion Airport, Ra'anana Junction, Netanya CBS
949 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Efraim Express Kokhav HaShahar
955 Jerusalem CBS - Nazareth Express Umm al-Fahm, Wadi Ara area
960 Jerusalem CBS - Haifa HaMifraz CBS Regular Yokne'am, Kiryat Tivon
961 Jerusalem CBS - Beit She'an CBS Regular Jordan Valley
962 Jerusalem CBS - Tiberias Express via Route 6, Afula
963 Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Regular Afula CBS, Tiberias CBS, Rosh Pina CBS
966 Jerusalem CBS - Katzrin Express Beit She'an CBS
990[8] Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS - Eilat CBS Direct Via Route 6
991 Eilat CBS - Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS Express Beit HaArava Junction, Kiryat Mal'akhi, Netanya CBS, Hadera CBS
992[8] Eilat CBS - Afula Direct Via Route 6
993[8] Haifa HaMifraz CBS - Eilat CBS Direct Via Route 6
[edit] 3 Haredi Intercity lines
Main article: Egged#Gender-segregated_routes
Line Route Type Via
277 Elad - Jerusalem Har Hotzvim
279 Elad - Bnei Brak
350 Bnei Brak - Ashdod CBS Direct Rishon LeZion New CBS
351 Bnei Brak - Ashdod
355 Bnei Brak - Ashkelon
402 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Bnei Brak Express Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
407 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Netanya Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
418 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Ramat Beit Shemesh Express Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
426 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Petah Tikva Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
450 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Ashdod CBS Regular Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
451 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Ashdod CBS Regular Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
492 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Netivot Express Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
550[7] Arad Hebron St. - Bnei Brak Direct Kiryat Gat
552 Arad - Ashdod Kiryat Gat
554 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Arad Kiryat Gat
952 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Migdal HaEmek
969 Bnei Brak - Tiberias
970 Bnei Brak - Haifa Direct Netanya
972 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Haifa Direct Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
973 Ashdod - Haifa Direct
980 Bnei Brak - Safed
982 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Safed CBS Regular Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS, Kfar Tavor
999 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Kiryat Ata Express Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] 4 Notes
1. ^ Egged bus station translate measef as Regular, while the official website uses Collecting. There are many other discrepancies between the Egged website and its bus station tabloids.
2. ^ "Tel Aviv in Focus". www.telavivinf.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
3. ^ a b c d e On Sunday, 2008-02-24, Egged changed some of its lines in Jerusalem. The lines listed here reflect the new routes. See Egged's notice for more information.
4. ^ Line 48 in Jerusalem is a new line established 22 June 2008. See [1] (Hebrew)
5. ^ Line 60 in Jerusalem is a new line established 5th April 2008.
6. ^ Morning-only lines: 159.
7. ^ a b c d e One way lines (first destination to second only)
8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j During the summer and vacations, Egged runs additional lines to Eilat. This is one of those lines.
9. ^ a b c The following lines run from the first destination only in the mornings and return only in the afternoons: 406, 423, 604.
[edit] 5 External links
* Egged official website
* Near-complete outdated list of Egged's Jerusalem internal lines (Hebrew only)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Egged_bus_lines"
This page was last modified on 2008-08-28, at 08:37:20. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
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This page was last modified on 2008-08-28, at 08:37:20. All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.)
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The Egged Bus Cooperative is the largest bus company in Israel, and one of the largest in the world. It operates over 400 bus lines, including internal city lines in many of Israel's cities (in others, the Dan Bus Company, Kavim, Superbus, etc. operate the internal lines), as well as most of Israel's inter-city lines. Below is a list.
While there is no consistent numbering scheme for Egged's lines, it seems to follow a few basic rules:
* Internal lines, and intercity lines in rural areas, are numbered below 100
* Short inter-city and suburban lines are numbered 100-299
* Long-distance lines are numbered 300-999, following some basic rules:
o 300-399 is for lines that operate in the Southern District (and some northern lines)
o 400-499 is for lines that operate in the Jerusalem District (and some northern lines)
o 500-699 is for lines that operate in the Sharon area (and very few northern lines)
o 700-899 is for lines that connect the North District to more southernly parts of Israel
o 900-999 is for lines that connect the Haifa District and surrounding areas to more southernly parts of Israel
Each bus line is classified by Egged as 'Regular' (measef), 'Express' or 'Direct' (yashir). The word measef literally means collecting, i.e. the bus either enters each town it passes, or stops at almost each intersection along its route, which usually makes it very slow compared to express buses. Express and direct buses, are usually on long-distance routes and might travel at certain sections along the same stretch as other bus routes, but they do not stop at each intersection. On top of that, an express/direct bus is not obligated to pick up short-distance passengers and the driver cannot sell a ticket for a short ride along his route. The express/direct lines are not usually pure non-stop routes, but might have a minimal amount of stops while leaving and entering the different cities. All internal city buses are considered regular/collecting.[1]
Many if not most of Egged's intercity bus lines originate or end in a central bus station/terminal (CBS/CBT). Tel Aviv Central Bus Station is the largest terminal in Israel, and some say the largest in the world.[2]
As previously mentioned, some intercity lines in rural areas are numbered below 100. Those lines are included in the "internal" sections for the large city that they begin or end in. When the bus enters a new municipality, the name of the municipality is bolded.
Certain lines use armoured buses. Those lines are marked with a small tank icon ().
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Internal
o 1.1 Akko
o 1.2 Eilat
o 1.3 Haifa
+ 1.3.1 Night lines
o 1.4 Hatzor HaGlilit
o 1.5 Jerusalem
+ 1.5.1 Night lines
o 1.6 Kfar Saba
o 1.7 Kiryat Shmona
o 1.8 Ra'anana
o 1.9 Rishon LeZion
* 2 Intercity
o 2.1 Short distance
o 2.2 Long distance
* 3 Haredi Intercity lines
* 4 Notes
* 5 External links
[edit] 1 Internal
[edit] 1.1 Akko
Line Route
1 Shikunei Hamizrah - CBS - Shikunei Hazafon
2 Shikunei Hamizrah - Ben Gurion neighbourhood - CBS - Shikunei Hazafon
[edit] 1.2 Eilat
Line Route
1 Dan Hotel - Eilat CBS - Shahamon neighborhood - Mitzpe Yam neighborhood - Ye'elim neighborhood - Dan Hotel
2 Neptune Hotel - Ye'elim neighborhood - Mitzpe Yam neighborhood - Shahamon neighborhood - Neptune Hotel
5/5a Neptune Hotel - Ye'elim neighborhood - Urim neighborhood - Tze'elim neighborhood - Neptune Hotel
15/15a Eilat CBS - Ophira Park - HaYam Mall - Dolphinarium - Coral Beach - Underwater Observatory - Taba Border Crossing
100/200/300 Hotels workers - Goes beetween most hotels, and all the neighborhoods in Eilat
Map of Egged bus lines in Eilat (Hebrew) |-
[edit] 1.3 Haifa
Line Route
1 Kiryat Shprintzak - Ein HaYam - Ha'Haganah - Kiryat Eliezer - Downtown - Hadar - Ha'Giborim
2 Kiryat Shprintzak - Ein HaYam - Ha'Haganah - Kiryat Eliezer - Downtown - Hadar - Ha'Giborim - Neve Paz - Hof Sheman
3 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Neve David - West Carmel - Carmel Center - Ramat Hadar - Hadar - Downtown - Bat Galim CBS
4 Geula - East Carmel - North Hadar - West Carmel - HaTzionut - West Carmel - Hertzaliya - East Carmel - Geula (Circular)
5 Grand Canyon - Vardia - Carmel Center - West Carmel - Ein Ha'yam - Bat Galim CBS - Kirat Ha'Mamshela
6 Government compound - Downtown - Tel Amal - East Carmel - Bahai Gardens - Stella Maris - HaTzionut - Hertzaliya - Geula
7 Hadar - Geula - Vizhnitz - Hadar HaCarmel East
8 Bat Galim - Kiryat Eliezer - German Colony - Lower Bahai Gardens - Hadar - Geula - German Colony - Bat Galim (Circular)
9/9a Ziv Center - Ramat Hen - Ramot Sapir - Ramat Remez - Ziv Center (circular)
10 Government compound - Center HaShmona Railway Station - German Colony - Lower Bahai Gardens - Hadar - Geula - Center HaShmona Railway Station- Government compound (Circular)
11 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Ramat Eshkol - Horev Center - Rommema - Ziv - Technion
12/12a Government compound - Center HaShmona Railway Station - German Colony - Lower Bahai Gardens - Hadar - Carmel Center - Ahuza - Horev Center - Carmel Hospital
13 Halisa - Neve Yoseph - Tel Amal - Hadar - Government compound - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
15 Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Yizraelia - Yad La'Banim road - Halisa - Hadar - Government compound - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
16 Grand Canyon - Ziv Center - Geula - Hadar - Government compound - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
17 Technion - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Halisa - Downtown - Government compound - Center HaShmona Railway Station - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
18/18a Neve Sha'anan - Ziv Center - Yad La'Banim road - Hadar - Downtown - Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim
19/19a Technion - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Neve Yosef - Hadar. 19a continues to Linn Clinic - Rambam Hospital - Bat Galim.
20 Ziv Center - Ramat Alon - Ramat Remez - Ziv Center (circular)
22 Carmel Hospital - Horev Center - Carmel Center - Ha'Zionot Bv' - Wadi Nisnas - Downtown - Linn Clinic - Bat Galim CBS
27 Old Romema - Vardia - Carmel Center - Vardia - Old Romema (circular)
28 Grand Canyon - Neve Sha'anan - Ziv Center - Horev Center - Carmel Center -Bnai Zion Hospital - Hadar - German Colony - Linn Clinic - Bat Galim CBS
33 Carmel Center - Carmeliya - Carmel Center (circular)
34 Carmel Center - Kababir - Carmel Center (circular)
35 Carmel Center - West Carmel - Kiryat Shprintzak - Hof Ha'Carmel CBS (Shabbat afternoons only)
36 Haifa University - Ramat Remez - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Neve Yosef - Hadar
37/37a Bat Galim CBS - Hadar - Mercaz Carmel - Mercaz Horev - Haifa University. 37a continues to Carmel City (Daliyat al-Karmel & Isfiya)
103 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Ha'Haganah - Bat Galim CBS - Downtown - HaMifratz CBS
123 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Freud Rd. - Horev Center - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Neve Yosef - HaMifratz CBS
125 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Freud Rd. - Carmel Hospital- Horev Center - Grand Canyon - Neve Sha'anan - Neve Yosef - HaMifratz CBS
131 Carmel Hospital - Horev Center - Moria - Freud Rd. - Horev Center - Carmel Center - Bnai Zion Hospital - Ha'Giborim Street - HaMifratz CBS
133 Hof Ha'Carmel CBS - Freud Rd. - Horev Center - Carmel Center - Bnai Zion Hospital - Ha'Giborim Street - HaMifratz CBS
141 Haifa University - Ramat Remez - Ziv Center - HaMifratz CBS
143 Haifa University - Road Num' 705 - HaMifratz CBS
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] 1.3.1 Night lines
These lines run every night. Official Egged website page about night lines
Line Route
200 Dado Beach (next to Hof HaCarmel CBS and train station - Carmel Ma'aravi - Merkaz Ha-Carmel - Horev Center - Haifa University - Technion - Ziv Center - Neve Sha'anan - Hadar HaCarmel - German Colony - Sail Tower
210 Kiryon - Tzur Shalom - Kiryat Yam - Kiryat Motzkin - Kiryat Bialik - Kiryat Haim - INS Eilat - Chalutzei HaTa'asiya - Kiryat Ata - Givat Ram & Givat Tal
[edit] 1.4 Hatzor HaGlilit
Line Route
1 Hatzor HaGlilit CBT - Industrial Area - Hassidic Quarter Junction - Center - Neve Harim - Bene Beitcha and back (Circular).
2/2a Hatzor HaGlilit CBT - Industrial Area - Hassidic Quarter Junction - Center - Neve Harim and back (Circular).
3 Hatzor HaGlilit CBT - Industrial Area - Hassidic Quarter - Center - Neve Harim and back (Circular).
[edit] 1.5 Jerusalem
Line Route
1/1a Jerusalem CBS - Malchei Yisrael St. - Mea Shearim St. - Damascus Gate - Western Wall - HaNevi'im St. - Strauss St. - Malchei Yisrael St. - Jerusalem CBS
2 Kfar Shaul - Har Nof - Givat Shaul St. - Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Mattersdorf - Kiryat Sanz - Bar Ilan St. - Shivtei Yisrael St. - Damascus Gate - Western Wall
3/3a Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Belz - Kiryat Mattersdorf - Kiryat Sanz
4/4a route 4: French Hill / route 4a: Har HaTzofim (Mt Scopus) - Ramat Eshkol- Maalot Dafna- Pituchei Chotam St. (continuation of Shimon Hatzaddik St. near Maalot Dafna/Arzei Habirah/Shmuel Hanavi St.) - Yehezkel St. - King George St. - Keren HaYesod St. - Emek Refaim - Yochanan Ben Zakkai St. - Malha Railway Station
5/5a[3] Jerusalem CBS - Kikar Denya - Yad Sarah - Sha'arei Tzedek - Moshe Kol St. - Givat Mordechai - Pat Intersection - Talpiot - Har Homa
6/6a[3] Pisgat Ze'ev - French Hill Junction - Highway 1 & Shivtei Yisrael - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Givat Mordechai - Pat Intersection - Malha Mall - Malha Railway Station
7/7a Har Hotzvim - Kiryat Sanz - Kiryat Mattersdorf - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - King George St. -Keren Hayesod St. - Hebron Rd. (Bethlehem Rd. on return) - route 7: Ramat Rachel / route 7a: Diplomat Hotel
8/8a Talpiot East - Hebron Way - Keren Hayesod St. - King George St. - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Yirmeyahu St. - Bar Ilan St. - Levi Eshkol Blvd. - Pisgat Ze'ev
9/9a Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Hamemshala (Knesset) - Givat Ram (Hebrew University) - Rehavia - King George St. - Davidka
10/10a Mea Shearim - Beit Yisrael - Sanhedria - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ramat Shlomo - Golda Meir Blvd. - Kiryat Sanz - Kiryat Mattersdorf - Kiryat Belz - Shamgar St. - Malchei Yisrael St. - Mea Shearim
11/11a Har Nof - Givat Shaul St. - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - Strauss St. - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ramat Shlomo
12 Armon HaNetziv - Talpiot - Pat Intersection - Malha Mall - Kiryat Yovel - Givat Massua - Ir Ganim - Kiriyat Menachem - Hadassah Medical Center
13 Old Katamon - HaPalmach St. - Jabotinsky St. - King David St. - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Herzl Blvd. - Masua
15/15a Har Nof - Kfar Shaul - Givat Shaul - Jerusalem CBS - Malchei Yisrael St. - Mea Shearim St. - Damascus Gate - Jaffa Road - Strauss St. - Malchei Yisrael St. - Jerusalem CBS - Givat Shaul - Har Nof
16 Bayit Vegan - Herzl Blvd. - Kiryat Moshe - Givat Shaul St. - (Shamgar St. -) Kiryat Mattersdorf - Sorotzkin St. - Shikun Chabad - Bar Ilan St. - Sanhedria - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ramot
17/17a Ein Karem - Givat Mordechai - Nayot - Israel Museum - Metudella - Aza (Gaza)Rd. - King George St. - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS
18/18a Malha Railway Station - Malha Mall - Emek Refaim St. - King David St. - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Herzl Blvd. - Mount Herzl - Kiryat Yovel
19/19a Har HaTzofim (Mount Scopus) - Levi Eshkol Blvd. - Maalot Dafna- Pituchei Chotam St. (continuation of Shimon Hatzaddik St. near Maalot Dafna/Arzei Habirah/Shmuel Hanavi St.) - Yehezkel St. - King George St. - Betzalel St.- Ussishkin St. - Aza (Gaza) / Herzog St. - Golomb St. - Ein Kerem Hadassah Medical Center
20 Givat Massua - Ir Ganim - Kiriyat Menachem - Kiryat Yovel - Yad Vashem & Mount Herzl - Beit HaKerem - Kiryat Moshe - Givat Shaul - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - Shlomzion St. - Jaffa Gate
21/21a[3] Ramat Sharett - Bayit VeGan - Herzl Blvd. - Mount Herzl - Yad Sarah - Kikar Denya - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - King George St. - Emek Refaim St. - Talpiot. 21a continues to Givat HaMatos.
22/22a Pisgat Ze'ev - French Hill Junction - Ramat Eshkol - Maalot Dafna/Pituchei Chotam St. (continuation of Shimon Hatzaddik St. near Maalot Dafna/Arzei Habirah/Shmuel Hanavi St.)- Geula - Jaffa Road - Shlomzion St. - Rehavia - Rasco - San Simon - Katamonim - Pat - Talpiot bus terminal
23 Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - Saladin - Geula - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS - Mount Herzl - Bayit VeGan - Kiryat Yovel
24 Malcha Shopping Mall - Pat Intersection - Emek Refaim St. - Kovshei Katamon St. - Tchernichovsky St. - Ruppin Rd. - Kiryat Hamemshala (Knesset) - Givat Ram (Hebrew University)
24a Israel Museum - Ruppin Rd. - Kiryat Hamemshala (Knesset) - Givat Ram (Hebrew University) - Kiryat Moshe - Herzl Blvd. - Kiryat Yovel - Malha Mall - Pat - Talpiot bus terminal
25/25a Jerusalem CBS - Machaneh Yehudah - Strauss St. - Kikar HaShabbat - Ma'alot Dafna - Ramat Eshkol - French Hill Junction - Neveh Yaakov
26/26a Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - Ammunition Hill - Ramat Eshkol - Sanhedria - Mekor Baruch - Jerusalem CBS - Givat Shaul - Kiryat Moshe - Beit HaKerem - Yad Vashem & Mount Herzl - Kiryat Yovel - Manachat - Biblical Zoo
27/27a Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Moshe - Beit HaKerem - Yad Vashem & Mount Herzl - Kiryat Yovel - Hadassah Hospital - Even Sapir
28 Givat Ram - Jerusalem CBS - Shikun Chabad - Bar Ilan Junc. - Ramat Eshkol - French Hill - Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital
29 Har HaMenuchot Cemetery - Givat Shaul North - Jerusalem CBS
30 Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - Musrara - Jaffa Road - Shlomzion St. - Abu Tor - Baka - Talpiot - Tunnels Junction - Gilo
31/031 Gilo - Malha Mall - Begin Expressway - Jerusalem CBS - Machaneh Yehudah - King George St. - Gaza (Aza) St. - Herzog St. - Malha Mall - Gilo
32/032 Ramot - Begin Expressway - Jerusalem CBS - Machaneh Yehudah - King George St. - Gaza (Aza) St. - Herzog St. - Malha Mall - Gilo
33 Har Nof - Beit HaDfus St. - Kiryat Moshe - Herzl Blvd. - Kikar Holland - Bayit Vegan - Ramat Sharett - Malha Mall - Malha Railway Station - Gilo
34/34a Ramot - Begin Expressway - Jerusalem CBS - Malha Mall - Gilo - Har Homa
35/35a Kfar Shaul - Givat Shaul South - Jerusalem CBS - Jaffa Road - Strauss St. - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ramot
36 Strauss St. - Kiryat Sanz - Sanhedria - Atirot Mada - Ramot
37 Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - French Hill - Ramat Shlomo - Ramot
38 Jewish Quarter - Western Wall - Old Train Station - King George St. - Jaffa Road - Shlomzion St. - Jaffa Gate - Armenian Quarter - Zion Gate - Jewish Quarter
39/39a Atirot Mada - Sanhedria - Ramat Eshkol - Bar Ilan Junc. - Geula - Jerusalem CBS - Beit HaKerem - Mount Herzl - Bayit Vegan
40/40a Ramot - Golda Meir Blvd. - Ezrat Torah - Yehezkel St. - Strauss St. (Bikur Cholim Hospital)
41 Jerusalem CBS - Geula - Sanhedria - Atirot Mada - Atarot
42/42a Hadassah Medical Center (Ein Kerem) - Tzomet Pat - Givat Ram (Hebrew University) - French Hill - Mount Scopus
44 Ramot only
45/45a Givat Shaul - Jerusalem CBS - Geula - Ma'alot Dafna/Arzei Habirah; stop is ON Shimon Hatzaddik St.)in opposite direction it's located on Pituchei Chotam St. (continuation of Shimon Hatzaddik St. near Maalot Dafna/Arzei Habirah/Shmuel Hanavi St.) - Ramat Eshkol - French Hill Junction - Neve Yaakov (45a continues to Kamianets)
46 Mount Scopus - Hadassah Hospital - French Hill - Pisgat Ze'ev - Neve Yaakov
47 Pisgat Ze'ev only
48[4] Har HaTzofim (Mt Scopus) University tunnel - Ma'ale Adumim tunnel - Yitzchak HaNadiv road - Hadassah Lampel road - Beit Orot square - Brigham Young University Jerusalem Center (a.k.a. Mormon University) - Martin Buber road - Hebrew University tunnel
49a Magen David Adom - Kiryat Matersdorf - Sorotzkin St - Ohel Yehoshua St - Shamgar St - Malchei Yisrael St
50 Safra Square - HaNevi'im St. - Jerusalem CBS - Givat Shaul - Kiryat Moshe - Givat Beit HaKerem
56 Ramat Shlomo - Golda Meir Blvd. - Shmuel HaNavi St. - Yehezkel St. - Strauss St. (Bikur Holim Hospital)
60[5] Le'um Car Park (National Precinct) - Binyanei HaUma - Jaffa Street - Karta Car Park (Mamilla)
62 Har Gilo - Malha Mall
66[3] Pisgat Ze'ev - French Hill Junction - Highway 1 & Shivtei Yisrael - Jaffa Road - Jerusalem CBS
70 Jerusalem CBS - Shikun Chabad - Bar Ilan Junc. - French Hill Junction - Pisgat Ze'ev - Central Command
72 Anatot/Elmon - Pisgat Ze'ev - French Hill Junction - Ramat Eshkol - Jerusalem CBS
74[3] Downtown Express: Jerusalem CBS - Mahane Yehuda Market - King George St. - Keren Hayesod St. - Chan Theater - Banks Intersection - Givat HaMatos Intersection - Har Homa
80 Bayit Vegan - Beit HaKerem - Kiryat Moshe - Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Belz
81 Atirot Mada - Bar Ilan Junc. - Shikun Chabad
82 Bayit Vegan - Yad Vashem & Mount Herzl - Beit HaKerem - Kiryat Moshe - Givat Shaul - French Hill Junction - Pisgat Ze'ev - Central Command - Neve Yaakov - Kamianets
97 Mekor Baruch - Givat Shaul - Kfar Shaul - Har Nof
99 Bus 99 is a Double decker tourist bus that stops at major tourist attractions throughout the city. Riders are provided with information about the sites in eight different languages. The bus is priced as a tourist attraction, and is therefore only used in that capacity. Egged Bus 99 website.
[edit] 1.5.1 Night lines
These lines run every night except Friday night, due to Shabbat. Official Egged website page about night lines
Line Route
101 Ma'ale Adumim - Har HaTzofim (Mount Scopus) - City Center - Talpiot
102 Gilo - Talpiot - City Center - Jerusalem CBS
103 Neve Yaakov - Pisgat Ze'ev - City Center - Talpiot
104 Mevaseret Zion - Jerusalem CBS - City Center - Mamilla
105 Giv'at Ze'ev - Ramot - City Center - Talpiot
106 Masua - Kiryat Yovel - Talpiot - City Center - Jerusalem CBS
107 Har Homa - East Talpiot - City Center - Jerusalem CBS
[edit] 1.6 Kfar Saba
Line Route
1 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Industrial Zone - Kfar Saba CBS
2 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Industrial Zone - Tekuma - Train - Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Shikun Aliyah
3 Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Mishkanot - Motzkin - Chatzrot Hadar - Kiryat Sapir - Kfar Saba CBS
5 Kaplan - Country Club - Kissufim - Mishkanot - Meir Hospital - Maoz - Kiryat Sapir - Kfar Saba CBS - Mishkanot - Ganei HaSharon - Kaplan
12 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Industrial Zone - Tekuma - Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Ra'anana: Ra'anana CBT- Achuza - Levinston Hospital - Herzliya: Neve Amal - Herzliya CBS - Lev Ha'Ir (downtown) - Rav Kook - Train - Industrial Zone - Development Area - Hotels
13 Kfar Saba CBS - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Gan Chaim - Tzofit - Beit Berel - Sde Warburg - Ramat HaCovesh - Tira - Tzur Natan - Tayibe: Industrial Zone - Police - Southern Bus Terminal - Northern Bus Terminal - Sha'ar Ephraim - Qalansawe
17 Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Gan Chaim - Tzofit - Beit Berel. The bus then returns in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
18 Kfar Saba CBS - Tekuma - Industrial Zone - Neve Yamin - Nir Eliyahu - Ayil - Kokhav Ya'ir: Tzur Yigal - Egoz - Beit El - Dan - Tira - Tzur Natan - Selait. The bus then returns in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
19 Kfar Saba CBS - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Gan Chaim - Tzofit - Beit Berel - Sde Warburg. The bus then returns to Tzofit, and continues in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
20 Kfar Saba CBS - Tekuma - Industrial Zone - Neve Yamin - Galguliya Junc. - Sde Hemed - Yarhiv - Matan - Nirit. The bus then returns to Neve Yamin, and continues in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
21 Kfar Saba CBS - Tekuma - Train - Industrial Zone - Neve Yamin - Nir Eliyahu - Ayil - Kokhav Ya'ir: Tzur Yigal - Egoz - Beit El - Dan - Flower Road. The bus then returns in the opposite direction, creating a loop-route.
28 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Neve Yamin - Kfar Saba: Industrial Zone - Tekuma - Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Ra'anana: Ra'anana CBT - Ahuza - Shikun Asher - Levinston Hospital - Herzliya: Gan Rashel - Magen David Adom - Herzliya CBS
029 Kaplan - Givat Eshkol - Industrial Zone - Tekuma - Kfar Saba CBS - Kiryat Sapir - Maoz - Meir Hospital - Ra'anana: Ra'anana CBT - Ahuza - Levinston Hospital - Herzliya: Neve Amal - Magen David Adom - Lev Ha'Ir (downtown) - Rav Kook - Train - Nordeau - Waterfront Area - Development Area
032 Beit Berel - Tzofit - Gan Chaim - Kfar Saba: Meir Hospital - Ra'anana: Ra'anana CBT - Ahuza - Shikun Asher - Levinston Hospital - Herzliya: Gan Rashel - Neve Amal - Magen David Adom - Herzliya CBS - Lev Ha'Ir (downtown) - Neve Yisrael - Neve Amirim - Ramat HaSharon: Star theater - Alon - Ushiskin - Rishonim - Neve Magen - Morasha - Industrial Area - Kedma Terminal
74 Kfar Saba CBS - Neve Yamin - Tzofim - Karnei Shomron - Immanuel - Revava - Ariel
Map of selected Egged bus lines in Kfar Saba (Hebrew)
[edit] 1.7 Kiryat Shmona
Line Route
20/21 Kiryat Shmona, Tel Hai, Kfar Giladi, Kfar Yuval, Metulla
23/24 Kiryat Shmona, Tel Hai, Kfar Giladi, Misgav 'Am, Margaliot, Manara
29/30 Kiryat Shmona, Bet Hillel, Sde Nehemia, Amir, Kfar Blum, Shamir, Kfar Szold
31/32 Kiryat Shmona, Gome Junc., Kfar Blum, Neot Mordehai, Lehavot HaBashan, Gonen
33 Kiryat Shmona
34 Kiryat Shmona, Gome Junc., Koah Junc., Yiftah, Ramot Naftali, Malkiya, Dishon
35/36 Kiryat Shmona, Maayan Baruch, HaGoshrim, She'ar Yashuv, Dafna, Dan, Snir, Kfar Szold, Bet Hillel
55 Kiryat Shmona, Maayan Baruch, HaGoshrim, She'ar Yashuv, Dafna, Dan, Snir, Si'on Junc., Neve Ativ, Majdal Shams, Mas'adah, Buq'ata, El Rom, Merom Golan, Ein Zivan, Ortal, Katzrin, Beit Saida Junc., Gadot, Mishmar HaYarden, Mahanaim, Camp Yiftah, Hazor HaGelilit
57 Hazor HaGelilit, Mahanaim, Gadot, Katzrin
58 Kiryat Shmona, Maayan Baruch, HaGoshrim, She'ar Yashuv, Dafna, Dan, Snir, Si'on Junc., Camp Nimrod, Neve Ativ, Mas'adah, Buq'ata, El Rom, Merom Golan, Ein Zivan, Ortal, Kidmat Zvi, Katsrin, Beit Saida Junc., Gadot, Mishmar HaYarden, Hazor HaGelilit
63 Kiryat Shmona, Gome Junc., Koah Junc., HaHula-Shmura, Camp Yiftah, Yesod HaMa'ala, Mahanaim, Hazor HaGelilit, Rosh Pina, Elifelet, Ami'ad, Chorazin, Capernaum (=Kfar Nahum), Karei Deshe, Huqoq, Ginosar, Migdal, Tiberias
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] 1.8 Ra'anana
Map of Egged bus lines in Ra'anana (Hebrew)
Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (June 2008)
[edit] 1.9 Rishon LeZion
Map of selected Egged bus lines in Rishon LeZion (Hebrew)
Please help improve this section by expanding it. Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion. (June 2008)
[edit] 2 Intercity
[edit] 2.1 Short distance
Line Route Type Via
30 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - HaNasi Junction - Tifrah - Ofakim - Urim - Tze'elim - Camp Tze'elim
31 Beer Sheva - Kibbutz Hazerim - Camp Tze'elim
33 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - Hanasi Junction - Tifrah - Ofakim
35 Beer Sheva - Hanasi Junc. - Tifrah - Ofakim - N. P. Eshkol
40 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - HaNasi Junction - Tifrah - Netivot
42 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - HaNasi Junction - Bet Qama Junc. - Lahav
43 Beer Sheva - Camp Sde Teyman - HaNasi Junction - Rahat - Netivot
47 Beer Sheva - Lehavim - Lahav
048/48a Beer Sheva - Dimona
049 Dimona - Nevatim - Shaqib al-Salam - Beer Sheva: University - Soroka Hospital - City Hall - Central Bus Station
51 Beer Sheva - Shoqet Junc. - Livna - Suseya - Karmel - Pene Hever - Kiryat Arba
56/56a Beer Sheva - Shaqib al-Salam - Nevatim - Dimona
61 Beer Sheva - Shoket Junction - Meitar - Shim'a - Othniel - Bet Haggai - Kiryat Arba
122 Jerusalem - Ma'ale Adummim
123 Jerusalem - Ma'ale Adummim
124 Jerusalem - Ma'ale Adummim
142 Jerusalem CBS - Adam
143 Jerusalem CBS - Tel Zion Kokhav Ya'acov
147 Jerusalem CBS - Ofra Adam, Sha'ar Binyamin, Kokhav Ya'akov, Psagot
148 Jerusalem CBS - Kokhav Ya'akov, Giv'at Asaf, Ofra, Shvut Rachel, Shilo, Eli, Ma'ale Levona, Ariel
159[6][7] Petah Tikva CBS - Camp Tzrifin
160 Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Arba Hebron
161 Jerusalem CBS - Kfar Etzion Alon Shvut, Efrat
163 Jerusalem CBS - Rachel's Tomb
164 Jerusalem CBS - Bat Ayin Alon Shvut, Efrat (south circle)
164 Petah Tikva CBS - Rehovot CBS Regular Rishon LeZion Old CBS, Ness Ziona
165 Jerusalem CBS - Metzad Ma'ale Amos
166 Jerusalem CBS - Nokdim Tekoa
167 Jerusalem CBS - Efrat
170 Jerusalem CBS - Beit El
171 Jerusalem CBS - Giv'at Ze'ev
173 Jerusalem CBS - Mitzpe Yeriho
174 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Adummim
175 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Adummim
176 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Adummim
177 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Adummim
178 Jerusalem CBS - Eli
179 Jerusalem CBS - Psagot
181 Jerusalem CBS - Talmon
183 Jerusalem CBS - Kesalon
185 Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Yearim/Neve Ilan Abu Ghosh
186 Jerusalem CBS - Beit Meir
187 Jerusalem CBS - Har Adar
188 Jerusalem CBS - Ein Rafa
201 Tel Aviv CBS - Rehovot CBS Regular Rishon LeZion Old CBS, Ness Ziona
202 Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS - Pardes Hana Regular Zichron Ya'akov, Binyamina
249 Petah Tikva CBS - Rehovot CBS Regular Lod, Ramla
281 Sasa - HaMifratz CBS Regular Ma'alot Tarshiha - Nahariya - Akko - Kiryat Bialik
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] 2.2 Long distance
Line Route Type Via
300 Tel Aviv CBS - Ashkelon CBS Direct
301 Tel Aviv CBS - Ashkelon CBS Regular Rishon LeZion Old CBS, Rehovot CBS, Gedera CBS, Mal'akhi Junction
310 Tel Aviv CBS - Ashkelon CBS Regular Yavne, Mal'akhi Junction
311 Tel Aviv 2000 Terminal - Ashkelon CBS Express Yavne
332 Haifa HaMifraz CBS - Nazareth Illit Regular Migdal HaEmek, Nazareth
364 Beersheba CBS - Ashkelon Express Yad Mordechai
366 Beersheba CBS - Ashkelon Express Yad Mordechai
370 Beersheba CBS - Tel Aviv Direct
383[8][7] Ashkelon CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Malachi Junc.
384 Beer Sheva CBS - Ein Gedi Express Shoket Junc. - Arad CBS - Neve Zohar - Ein Bokek - Massada
385 Beer Sheva CBS - Ein Bokek Regular Shoket Junc. - Arad CBS - Neve Zohar
389 Tel Aviv CBS - Arad CBS Direct Lehavim
390[8] Tel Aviv CBS - Eilat CBS Direct
391[8][7] Ashdod CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Malachi Junc.
392 Eilat CBS - Beersheba CBS Regular Ovda, Mizpe Ramon
393 Tel Aviv CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Dimona CBS, Nes Ziona, Rehovot
394 Tel Aviv CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Rishon LeZion New CBS, Beersheba CBS, Dimona CBS
396[8] Ra'anana Junction - Eilat CBS Express Petah Tikva CBS
397[8] Beersheba CBS - Eilat CBS Regular Dimona CBS
398[8][7] Netanya CBS - Eilat CBS Express Ashdod Junc., Malachi Junc.
399[8] Hadera CBS - Eilat CBS Express Netanya
400 Jerusalem CBS - Bnei Brak Direct Aluf Sade Interchange, Bar Ilan
404 Jerusalem CBS - Bat Yam Express Latrun, Ramla CBS, Holon
405 Jerusalem CBS - Tel Aviv CBS Direct
406[9] Bat Yam - Jerusalem CBS Direct via Holon
415 Jerusalem CBS - Beit Shemesh Express Shimshon Junction
416 Jerusalem CBS - Ramat Beit Shemesh Express
417 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Ramat Beit Shemesh Express Jerusalem Geulah - Jerusalem CBS
420 Jerusalem CBS - Beit Shemesh Direct Harel interchange
421 Neve Zohar - Tel Aviv Arlozorov Terminal Express Massada - Ein Gedi - Jerusalem CBS
423[9] Jerusalem CBS - Petah Tikva CBS Express
430 Jerusalem CBS - Rishon LeZion New CBS Direct
432 Jerusalem CBS - Rishon LeZion New CBS Express Latrun, Ramla, Rehovot, Nes Ziona
433 Jerusalem CBS - Rishon LeZion New CBS Express Camp Tzrifin
434 Jerusalem CBS - Rehovot CBS Express Latrun
435 Jerusalem CBS - Rehovot CBS Express Latrun, Ramla
437 Jerusalem CBS - Ashkelon CBS Regular Shimshon Junction, Re'em Junction, Mal'akhi Junction
438 Jerusalem CBS - Ashdod CBS Regular Shimshon Junction, Re'em Junction, Gedera Junction, Bnei Darom Junction
440 Jerusalem CBS - Beersheba CBS Regular Gush Etzion Junction, Kiryat Arba
443 Jerusalem CBS - Beersheba CBS Regular Kiryat Mal'akhi, Sderot, Netivot
444 Jerusalem CBS - Eilat CBS Express Ein Gedi, Ein Bokek
446 Jerusalem CBS - Beersheba CBS Regular Shimshon Junction, Re'em Junction, Mal'akhi Junction
448 Jerusalem CBS - Ashdod CBS Express Latrun Junction, Gedera Junction, Givat Washington Junction, Bene Darom Junction
470 Jerusalem CBS - Beersheba CBS Direct
480 Jerusalem CBS - Tel Aviv Arlozorov Terminal Direct
486 Jerusalem CBS - Neve Zohar Express Ein Gedi, Ein Bokek
487 Jerusalem CBS - Ein Gedi Express
500 Kiryat Shmona CBS - Haifa HaMifraz CBS Direct Ami'ad, Karmiel, Akko, Kiryat Haim
501 Kiryat Shmona CBS - Haifa HaMifraz CBS Regular Rosh Pina, Safed, Meron, Karmiel, Akko, Kiryat Haim
501 Tel Aviv CBS - Ra'anana Junction Regular Herzliya CBS
502 Tel Aviv CBS - Ra'anana Junction Regular Herzliya CBS
505 Kiryat Shmona CBS - Haifa HaMifraz CBS Direct Rosh Pina, Golani Junction, Kiryat Tivon
531 Tel Aviv CBS - Ra'anana Junction Regular Ramat Gan, Ramat HaSharon, Herzliya, Ra'anana
551 Petah Tikva CBS - Herzliya CBS Regular Hod Hasharon CBS, Ra'anana Junction
561 Tel Aviv CBS - Kfar Saba CBS Regular Hod Hasharon CBS, Ra'anana Junction
564 Tel Hashomer - Kfar Saba CBS Express Aluf Sade Interchange, Geha Junction, Ra'anana Junction
567 Tel Aviv CBS - Kfar Saba CBS Express Ramat Gan, Ra'anana Junction
568 Tel Aviv CBS - Qalansawe Express Ra'anana Junc., Kfar Saba, Tira, Tayibe
571 Tel Aviv CBS - Kfar Saba CBS Regular Hod Hasharon CBS
600 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Direct
601 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Regular Wingate
602 Netanya CBS - Tel Aviv CBS Direct
604[9] Netanya CBS - Tel Aviv Reading Terminal Regular Wingate
605 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Direct
618 Netanya - Tel HaShomer Express Herzliya, Ramat HaSharon, Tel Aviv CBS, Bene Berak
620 Tel HaShomer - Herzliya Express Ramat HaSharon
627 Zoran - Tel Aviv CBS Regular Ra'anana Junction, Petah Tikva CBS
641 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Regular Petah Tikva CBS, Hod Hasharon CBS, HaSharon Junction
642 Tel Aviv CBS - Netanya CBS Regular Petah Tikva CBS, Hod Hasharon CBS
784 Haifa, Technion - Tel Aviv CBS Atlit, Hadera, Netanya, Herzliya
823 Tel Aviv CBS - Nazareth Illit Regular Ra'anana Junction, Hadera CBS, Afula CBS, Nazareth CBS
826 Tel Aviv CBS - Nazareth Illit Express Fureidis Junction, Yokne'am, Migdal HaEmek, Nazareth CBS
835 Tel Aviv CBS - Tiberias CBS Herzliya, Netanya, Hadera, Afula, Golani Junction
840 Tel Aviv CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Express Afula CBS, Tiberias CBS, Hazor HaGlilit CBS
841 Tel Aviv CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Regular HaSharon Junction, Hadera CBS, Afula CBS, Tiberias CBS, Rosh Pina CBS, Hazor HaGelilit CBS
842 Tel Aviv CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Direct Afula CBS, Rosh Pina CBS, Hazor HaGlilit CBS
843 Tel Aviv CBS - Katzrin CBS Express Herzliya CBS, Netanya CBS, Givat Olga, Hamat Gader
845 Tel Aviv CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Direct Rosh Pina CBS, Hazor HaGlilit CBS
846 Tel Aviv CBS - Safed Express Herzliya, Netanya, HaMovil Junc.
848 Tel Aviv CBS - Karmiel Regular Herzliya, Netanya, Givat Olga, Elyakim, HaMovil Junc.
852 Tel Aviv CBS - Pardes Hanna-Karkur Express Hadera
872 Tel Aviv CBS - Zikhron Ya'aqov Express Hadera
910 Tel Aviv CBS - Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS Express Herzliya, Netanya, Atlit
921 Tel Aviv CBS - Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS Regular Petah Tikva CBS, Hod Hasharon CBS, HaSharon Junction
930 Jerusalem CBS - Netanya CBS Direct Hod HaSharon, Ra'anana Junction
940 Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS - Jerusalem CBS Direct Via Highway 6
947 Jerusalem CBS - Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS Express Ben Gurion Airport, Ra'anana Junction, Netanya CBS
949 Jerusalem CBS - Ma'ale Efraim Express Kokhav HaShahar
955 Jerusalem CBS - Nazareth Express Umm al-Fahm, Wadi Ara area
960 Jerusalem CBS - Haifa HaMifraz CBS Regular Yokne'am, Kiryat Tivon
961 Jerusalem CBS - Beit She'an CBS Regular Jordan Valley
962 Jerusalem CBS - Tiberias Express via Route 6, Afula
963 Jerusalem CBS - Kiryat Shmona CBS Regular Afula CBS, Tiberias CBS, Rosh Pina CBS
966 Jerusalem CBS - Katzrin Express Beit She'an CBS
990[8] Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS - Eilat CBS Direct Via Route 6
991 Eilat CBS - Haifa Hof HaCarmel CBS Express Beit HaArava Junction, Kiryat Mal'akhi, Netanya CBS, Hadera CBS
992[8] Eilat CBS - Afula Direct Via Route 6
993[8] Haifa HaMifraz CBS - Eilat CBS Direct Via Route 6
[edit] 3 Haredi Intercity lines
Main article: Egged#Gender-segregated_routes
Line Route Type Via
277 Elad - Jerusalem Har Hotzvim
279 Elad - Bnei Brak
350 Bnei Brak - Ashdod CBS Direct Rishon LeZion New CBS
351 Bnei Brak - Ashdod
355 Bnei Brak - Ashkelon
402 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Bnei Brak Express Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
407 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Netanya Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
418 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Ramat Beit Shemesh Express Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
426 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Petah Tikva Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
450 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Ashdod CBS Regular Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
451 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Ashdod CBS Regular Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
492 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Netivot Express Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
550[7] Arad Hebron St. - Bnei Brak Direct Kiryat Gat
552 Arad - Ashdod Kiryat Gat
554 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Arad Kiryat Gat
952 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Migdal HaEmek
969 Bnei Brak - Tiberias
970 Bnei Brak - Haifa Direct Netanya
972 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Haifa Direct Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
973 Ashdod - Haifa Direct
980 Bnei Brak - Safed
982 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Safed CBS Regular Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS, Kfar Tavor
999 Jerusalem Har Hotzvim - Kiryat Ata Express Jerusalem Kiryat Belz, Jerusalem CBS
This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
[edit] 4 Notes
1. ^ Egged bus station translate measef as Regular, while the official website uses Collecting. There are many other discrepancies between the Egged website and its bus station tabloids.
2. ^ "Tel Aviv in Focus". www.telavivinf.com. Retrieved on 2008-02-23.
3. ^ a b c d e On Sunday, 2008-02-24, Egged changed some of its lines in Jerusalem. The lines listed here reflect the new routes. See Egged's notice for more information.
4. ^ Line 48 in Jerusalem is a new line established 22 June 2008. See [1] (Hebrew)
5. ^ Line 60 in Jerusalem is a new line established 5th April 2008.
6. ^ Morning-only lines: 159.
7. ^ a b c d e One way lines (first destination to second only)
8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j During the summer and vacations, Egged runs additional lines to Eilat. This is one of those lines.
9. ^ a b c The following lines run from the first destination only in the mornings and return only in the afternoons: 406, 423, 604.
[edit] 5 External links
* Egged official website
* Near-complete outdated list of Egged's Jerusalem internal lines (Hebrew only)
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Egged_bus_lines"
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Dialectical libertarianism
Dialectical libertarianism
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Dialectical libertarianism is a term used for a libertarian philosophy in which incorporates dialectics. It incorporates the state contexts that causes inequality.
[edit] External links
* TOWARD A DIALECTICAL LIBERTARIANISM
* The Dialectics of Wage Slavery: Further Developed
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Dialectical libertarianism is a term used for a libertarian philosophy in which incorporates dialectics. It incorporates the state contexts that causes inequality.
[edit] External links
* TOWARD A DIALECTICAL LIBERTARIANISM
* The Dialectics of Wage Slavery: Further Developed
* Upaya: Skillful Means to Liberation
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Libertarians perspectives on revolution
Libertarians perspectives on revolution
(Redirected from Anarcho-capitalist perspectives on violent revolution)
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Libertarian perspectives on revolution include the disparate views held by various libertarians on the desirability of creating fundamental change in power or organizational structures in a relatively short time. Libertarian revolutionary goals often include dissolution of current states and even the abolition of all states.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Necessity for revolution
* 2 Methods
o 2.1 Nonviolent action
o 2.2 Non-cooperation with the state
o 2.3 Violent Rebellion or Terrorism
o 2.4 Opposition to Violence
* 3 Related topics
* 4 References
[edit] 1 Necessity for revolution
Murray Rothbard, after noting that convincing the ruling groups, and the recipients of their largesse, of their own iniquity would be almost impossible in practice, opines:
“ ...beyond the problem of education lies the problem of power. After a substantial number of people have been converted, there will be the additional task of finding ways and means to remove State power from our society. Since the state will not gracefully convert itself out of power, other means than education, means of pressure, will have to be used. What particular means or what combination of means – whether by voting, alternative institutions untouched by the State or massive failure to cooperate with the State – depends on the conditions of the time and what will be found to work or not to work. In contrast to matters of theory and principle, the particular tactics to be used – so long as they are consistent with the principles and ultimate goal of a purely free society – are a matter of pragmatism, judgment, and the inexact "art" of the tactician.[1] ”
Samuel Edward Konkin III and Wally Conger wrote:
“ "Get-Liberty-quick" schemes from anarchozionism (running away to a Promised Land of Liberty) to political opportunism will seduce the impatient and sway the incompletely informed. All will fail if for no other reason than Liberty grows individual by individual. Mass conversion is impossible. There is one exception – radicalization by statist attack against a collective. Even so, it requires entrepreneurs of Liberty to have sufficiently informed the persecuted collective so that they laze coherently libertarian-ward rather than scatter randomly or worse, flow into out-of-power statism. These Crises of Statism are spontaneous and predictable – but cannot be caused by moral, consistent libertarians.[2] ”
The Libertarian Party, U.S. platform quotes the U.S. Declaration of Independence in the “Self-determination” plank of its platform: "Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of individual liberty, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to agree to such new governance as to them shall seem most likely to protect their liberty."[3]
Lew Rockwell raises the example of the American Revolution, asking, "[w]ho writing about politics today might have joined the founding fathers in their conspiracy to overthrow imperial rule? The question is an important one because this event, more than any other in our history, embodies the core of the American political idea, that men are entitled to liberty from despots. This idea, the founders believed, ought to be acted upon by real people against really existing governments."[4]
Author Pierre Lemieux writes: "Could we say that the more powerless the tyrant, the less likely it is that the revolution will devolve into the destruction of all social authorities? If so, it would mean that a libertarian revolution now would be much less dangerous than a revolution when tyranny has become unbearable. Better to make the revolution when it does not have to be devastating; better to do it sooner than later."[5]
Professor Bruce L. Benson writes about the interaction of rebellion and state power: "Unfortunately, once an economy becomes strong, the opportunity costs of rebellion and other efforts to constrain the state become higher and the temptations to use the state as an internal wealth transfer mechanism get stronger, so resistance to the state can decline. When that happens, the state grows faster, and the economy can collapse under its weight unless the state is rolled back (New Zealand is a recent example that comes to mind)."[6]
[edit] 2 Methods
[edit] 2.1 Nonviolent action
"The Voluntaryist" is a publication founded in 1982 which promotes a libertarian form of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience they call voluntaryism. Its statement of purpose reads: “Voluntaryists are advocates of non-political, non-violent strategies to achieve a free society. We reject electoral politics, in theory and in practice, as incompatible with libertarian principles. Governments must cloak their actions in an aura of moral legitimacy in order to sustain their power, and political methods invariably strengthen that legitimacy. Voluntaryists seek instead to delegitimize the State through education, and we advocate withdrawal of the cooperation and tacit consent on which State power ultimately depends.”[7]
Otto Guevara of Movimiento Libertario told Reason Magazine that the "revolutionaries of the 60s and 70s were all socialists. Now the natural impulse of youth to rebel is being channeled against the socialist establishment." He used as examples young people engaging in acts of "self-ownership" like tattooing and piercing, sexual liberty, the freedom to use drugs, as these are all areas where our position is appealing to the young. He described supporting one form of rebellion: "a huge, subterranean informal economy that's opposed by the larger, established companies...'el diputado pirata.' Someone wants to import and sell a used car... we said, 'what's the problem?' Used clothing, used shoes, these are big markets, and we thought it was absurd that there should be legal obstacles to people trading in these things."[8]
Libertarians support the right of individuals, communities, states and regions to secede from larger entities. Libertarian professor Walter Block writes: "Those who are not free to secede are in effect (partial) slaves to a king, or to a tyrannous majority under democracy. Nor is secession to be confused with the mere right to emigrate, even when one is allowed to take one’s property out of the country. Secession means the right to stay put, on one’s own property, and either to shift alliance to another political entity, or to set up shop as a sovereign on one’s own account."[9]
[edit] 2.2 Non-cooperation with the state
Sam Konkin was one of the foremost supporters of libertarian economic secession, advocating that the revolutionaries use counter-economics.[citation needed]
Mike Huben promotes "sovereignty." "A working libertarian experiment could be easily county sized. A tiny religious sect was able to buy control of Antelope, Oregon and relocate there a few years ago: the vastly more numerous libertarians could do much more. Privatize the roads, schools, libraries, police."[citation needed]
[edit] 2.3 Violent Rebellion or Terrorism
The book Radicals for Capitalism notes, "Libertarians have always been more likely to head to a bookstore than an armory, which some think is half the problem."[10]
In The Ethics of Liberty, Murray Rothbard notes: "To say that someone has the absolute right to a certain property but lacks the right to defend it against attack or invasion is also to say that he does not have total right to that property."[11] However, Rothbard warns against harming innocents: "...the libertarian goal, the victory of liberty, justifies the speediest possible means towards reaching the goal, but those means cannot be such as to contradict, and thereby undercut, the goal itself. We have already seen that gradualism-in-theory is such a contradictory means. Another contradictory means would be to commit aggression (e.g., murder or theft) against persons or just property in order to reach the libertarian goal of nonaggression."[12]
In 1996, Claire Wolfe, in her book 101 Things to Do 'Til the Revolution, asserted "America is at that awkward stage. It's too late to work within the system, but too early to shoot the bastards." In September 2005, she blogged, "I admit that, somewhere between passage of the Real ID act and the brutal bureaucratic botch after Hurricane Katrina, I was slapped into the conclusion that this is the time to shoot the bastards."[13]
Libertarian and crypto-anarchist “Jim Bell tried to create an assassination market, a prediction market or dead pool where any party can place a bet on the date of death of a given individual, and collect a payoff if they "guess" the date accurately. After he was found in possession of various allegedly suspicious materials and weapons, and after placing a “stink bomb” in an Internal Revenue Service office, he was prosecuted and convicted of two felonies, for which he served eleven months in prison.[14] [15][16]
[edit] 2.4 Opposition to Violence
David D. Friedman argues in The Machinery of Freedom that "[c]ivil disorder leads to more government, not less. It may topple one government, but it creates a situation in which people desire another and stronger. Hitler's regime followed the chaos of the Weimar years. Russian communism is a second example, a lesson for which the anarchists of Kronstadt paid dear. Napoleon is a third."[17]
Linda and Morris Tannehill write in The Market for Liberty, "[n]ot only is violent revolutionary action destructive, it actually strengthens the government by giving it a 'common enemy' to unite the people against. Violence against the government by a minority always gives the politicians an excuse to increase repressive measures in the name of 'protecting the people.' In fact, the general populace usually join the politicians' cry for 'law and order.'"[18]
The Tannehills fear the tendency of revolutionary leaders to seize power: ...revolution is a very questionable way to arrive at a society without rulers, since a successful revolution must have leaders. To be successful, revolutionary action must be coordinated. To be coordinated, it must have someone in charge. And, once the revolution has succeeded, the 'Someone in Charge' (or one of his lieutenants, or even one of his enemies) takes over the new power structure so conveniently built up by the revolution. He may just want to 'get things going right,' but he ends up being another ruler. Something like this happened to the American Revolution, and look at us today."[18]
Libertarian anarchist professor Bryan Caplan argues that "when terrorism succeeds in destroying an existing government, it merely creates a power vacuum without fundamentally changing anyone's mind about the nature of power. The predictable result is that a new state, worse than its predecessor, will swiftly appear to fill the void."[19]
[edit] 3 Related topics
* Anarchism and violence
* Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism
* Controversies within libertarianism
* Nonviolent resistance
* Voluntaryists
[edit] 4 References
1. ^ Rothbard, Murray N.. "A Strategy for Liberty", For a New Liberty. ISBN 0-930073-02-9.
2. ^ Wally Conger, Samuel Edward Konkin III, New Libertarian Manifesto and Agorist Class Theory, Lulu.com, 2006, 44. ISBN 1847287719, 9781847287717
3. ^ Libertarian Party, U.S. platform
4. ^ Lew Rockwell, The General Line, LewRockwell.com, December 7, 2001.
5. ^ Pierre Lemieux personal web site.
6. ^ Bruce L. Benson, The Most Significant Market Failure, Cato Institute blog, August 15th, 2007.
7. ^ The Voluntaryist main page and "support us" page.
8. ^ Julian Sanchez, The Other Guevara, Reason interviews Costa Rica's Libertarian revolutionary, Reason Magazine interview with Otto Guevara of Movimiento Libertario, August 12, 2003.
9. ^ Walter Block, Secession, LewRockwell.com, July 2, 2002.
10. ^ Doherty, Brian. Radicals for Capitalism, 378.
11. ^ Murray Rothbard, The Ethics of Liberty, Chapter 12 "Self-Defense," at Ludwig Von Mises Institute.
12. ^ Murray Rothbard, The Ethics of Liberty, Chapter 30 "Toward a Theory of Strategy for Liberty," at Ludwig Von Mises Institute.
13. ^ Claire Wolfe blog
14. ^ "IRS Says Man From Tacoma Part of Plot ", The Oregonian, 1997-11-20, p. C02
15. ^ McCullagh, Declan (2000-11-11). "IRS Raids Cypherpunk's House". Politics : Law. Wired. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
16. ^ Associated Press, "Bell gets 11 months in prison, 3 years supervised release, fine", The Oregonian, 1997-12-12.
17. ^ Friedman, David D.. "Revolution Is the Hell of It", The Machinery of Freedom, 149-150. ISBN 0-8126-9069-9.
18. ^ a b Tannehill, Morris and Linda. "The Force Which Shapes the World", The Market for Liberty, 161. ISBN 0-930073-08-8.
19. ^ Bryan Caplan, Instead of a FAQ, by a Man Too Busy to Write One, Version 5.2, section 22.
[hide]
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Talk:Libertarians perspectives on revolution
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Did You Know A fact from Libertarians perspectives on revolution appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page in the Did you know? column on 2008-08-02.
Wikipedia
Contents
[hide]
* 1 John T. Kennedy
* 2 the potential for causing greater repression
* 3 Jim Bell
* 4 Systemic bias
* 5 Use of quotes
* 6 So many anarchisms, so little time
* 7 Title
* 8 Delete this article?
* 9 "Violent"
* 10 Some more viewpoints that should be mentioned this article
* 11 Typo in page move
* 12 Making article conform to wikipedia policies
[edit] 1 John T. Kennedy
I appreciate being quoted here but my quote is miscategorized since I advocate and expect a peaceful transition to anarcho-capitalism by means of markets rather than collective politics. --Jtk3 (talk) 20:58, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 2 the potential for causing greater repression
I was thinking that "the potential for causing greater repression" should probably not be listed under "arguments in favour." Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 02:20, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
And there I thought the evil anarcho-capitalists were scheming to repress the working man even more through violent revolution! Sorry, I actually made a mistake in shortening the section title. Be bold! In other news, thank you for this fantastic, well-sourced article; I was so impressed, I nominated it to be included in the Did you Know? section of the Main_Page. Skomorokh 02:35, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Hopefully in the future, the tense will be changed, and people will be asking, "Did you know that one of the chief motivations for anarcho-capitalist revolution was the impossibility of implementing anarchy through peaceful means?" And the obvious reply will be, "Of course, everyone who's taken a history class knows that." Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 03:38, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Hahaha…good luck with that. Nathan for Congress as the first step towards global anarchy? Stranger things have happened, I suppose. Skomorokh 03:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 3 Jim Bell
Does Jim Bell merit any mention here? I suppose people have promoted a mix of things – anarcho-capitalist methods of obtaining generic anarchy; collectivist methods of obtaining anarcho-capitalism; anarcho-capitalist methods of obtaining anarcho-capitalism; etc. Not sure what category he falls into. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 03:47, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Yes, as he is a crypto-anarchist which is a form of anarcho-capitalism according to our sources. I suggest an "ends and means" section to go along with the arguments for and against. Bell's assassination politics would do nicely there, and the content can be lifted straight from his and the assassination market article. Skomorokh 03:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Is this source reliable, by the way? I find it a bit dubious, since I couldn't find any other copies of it on the internet other than from a mailing list. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 04:38, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Wow, juicy info. I don't know if it's reliable. It's not a peer-reviewed or editorially-overseen source with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy, but it may qualify as an acceptable self-published source as McCullough is the expert on the subject, and has been published by Wired. The site it is hosted on is run by Gordon Lyon, so it is credible that it is actually McCullough writing and not an identity thief. Looks good. Thanks for digging this up, and anything else you can find is highly welcome, as the artilcle has become starved of additional sources. Mahalo, Skomorokh 16:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Yeah, I found this source so it appears to be good info. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 17:01, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 4 Systemic bias
I'm thinking that there might be some non-Wikipedia-related systemic bias causing it to appear that there are fewer advocates of revolution than there really are, in that most people don't want to come right out and say "this is the time to shoot the bastards" lest they get hauled off to jail or suffer other negative consequences. I guess they'll come out of the woodwork later, though. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 04:05, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 5 Use of quotes
Although this article is a great collection of sources on the topic, I feel it over-uses quotes in its current state. On Wikipedia, we generally only use quotes when the material cannot be better summarized in neutral language; for example quoting a particularly colourful or idiosyncratic phrase. For example, Rothbard's "Weimar...Kronstad...Napolean" quote is a short punchy rhetorical flourish that is best kept as a quote, whereas his "just war" quote is plain, descriptive English that could be easily summarized. A good way to proceed would be to start a Wikiquote page on this subject, copy these quotes there, and then start summarizing the ordinary-language quotes (eg. Benson, Huben) here. Skomorokh 17:35, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
(Actually that was David D. Friedman.) Yeah, it overuses quotes, I'm having a bit of trouble figuring out the best way to organize this article at the moment, so feel free to have at it. I think I'm starting to run out of sources. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 17:41, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
There's no rush, just something to think about for the future development of the article. There are more than enough sources in the article already to give the concept a decent presentation. Keep up the good work (and sorry for mistaking Friedman). Skomorokh 19:48, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
I was thinking the same thing. This isn't just a matter of WP:MOS, this extensive use of quotes could be a copyvio issue (but then again I guess anarchist writers don't care about copyright...) Lampman (talk) 04:21, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 6 So many anarchisms, so little time
Man, I have trouble keeping track of all these different types of anarchism. It seems like there's a lot of overlap among them. And thus, there could also be overlap among anarcho-capitalist revolution, free market anarchist revolution, individual anarchist revolution, etc. Yet, we cannot simply call it anarchist revolution, either, can we? It would be too broad. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 19:27, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
The general rule of thumb on Wikipedia is to use anarcho-capitalism to refer to post 1950's market anarchism in the US, and "individualist anarchism" for pre-1950's. "Free-market anarchism" is disputed, but it's basically a lesser-used synonym for "anarcho-capitalism", and anarchist revolution is too broad, you're right. So no problem using this article for all pro-capitalism anarchist's views of revolution. Skomorokh 19:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
This guy seems to dislike the proliferation of x-anarchisms as well. Interesting that anarchists spend so much time developing their specific niches rather than heeding the advice to "Smash the state, already." Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 22:03, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
yup. Skomorokh 22:05, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 7 Title
Trying to figure out the best title for this page. I think it would be good to specify from the get-go that this is about controversies among those who already agree with libertarianism. Of course, libertarianism also includes minarchists. Maybe anarcho-capitalist perspectives on revolution? Should we specify in the title that we're not talking about peaceful revolution? I just noticed today, by the way, that there is the page, controversies within libertarianism which has links to a series of contentious subjects. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 13:23, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 8 Delete this article?
It was created by someone who soon after was banned for bad behavior, including lots of original research. While it has some good sources, it is pretty much this person's hobby horse of the week. And I agree with comments above questioning the article itself, i.e. how many different libertarian/anarchist sectarian articles on this topic could you have?? Thoughts? Carol Moore 16:23, 23 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
Frankly this is a ridiculous suggestion. The topic is beyond all reasonable doubt notable, and the coverage here is extensive. The main issue is that there is too few references to secondary and tertiary sources, with overreliance on (extensive quotations from) primary sources. I suggest you focus on improving the referencing in our scattered libertarianism articles instead of tagging entire articles with ugly templates. Sincerely, Skomorokh 16:28, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
Some of I tagged were started by an editor who was quickly kicked off for multiple violations and probably is editing under another name now. Much of the language and organization is WP:OR or WP:POV, reflecting extremely personal issues of the editor. (I put tags on other articles that looked like they were put up on a whim, or by extreme partisans, with no real WP:RS.) Wikipedia is not a dictionary or a place to promote views that are not covered by WP:RS sources. (Including me, since I'm not unless published in some edited publication that would pass wikipedia muster.)
Putting up tags is one way to figure out if anyone is paying attention. I only asked about deletion at talk and didn't go further, as you'll notice. I do agree that with the person above who said it is silly to have an article on every libertarian/anarchist sub-group's views on revolution. But if people think it's so necessary for this article to exist and are willing to clean it up worst problems, who am I to complain? I'll give it a week and come back and see if the worst WP:OR and WP:POV issues are solved. And then maybe I'll fix a few of the worst ones. Carol Moore 01:25, 24 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
Showing the widest range of disagreeing views on a topic, as this article strives to do, is nothing close to promotion of a single POV. Moreover, primary sources are reliable sources for the views of the authors concerned. I'm sure it's not your intention, but you give the impression of being on something of a personal crusade independent of the goals of the encyclopaedia. You're not in a position to delete this article, or make demands of those who want to keep it. If you want to improve it, fantastic. If you want it deleted, put it up for AfD. But please bear WP:POTENTIAL in mind. Regards, Skomorokh 01:51, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
Well, I think I've made my points in latest tags and changes. Could continue in same vein through rest of article but will give it a rest tonight. The point is that if the article is to be about anarcho-capitalists and revolution it should not be quoting people who do no self-identify or are not called anarcho-capitalists. Among other things it's a violation of WP:BLP. Plus there are all sorts of WP:synthesis summaries and arguments, a few of which I deleted. If you think I'm not making the right critiques or changes, do tell. But I am tagging them so the person who made the entry - should he still be editing - can learn that one can't just opine and synthesize on wikipedia and use WP:RS loosely to make one's own personal point. Carol Moore 02:14, 24 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
In reference to this edit summary, Rothbard is not only an anarcho-capitalist but the inventor of the term. EVCM (talk) 03:07, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 9 "Violent"
I inserted "violent" into the title; I think that we might put ideas on peaceful secession or peaceful revolution into another article, if that hasn't been done already. Most, if not all, anarcho-capitalists favor a "revolution" in the sense of a drastic change in governance, i.e. from public to private. EVCM (talk) 02:57, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
Basically it should have one section "Arguments for" with actual explicit pro-violence quotes and summaries. The second would have anti-violence quotes and summaries. Neither would have your own original research synthesis and theorizing. Where the person doesn't obviously take a stand one way or the other, such that the implication is they support violent revolution, it is a violation of WP:BLP and can be removed immediately. So why not organize thusly. Carol Moore 04:16, 24 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
It's a bit of a sticky widget in that many people will make oblique references to violence, since they don't want to come out and say "OK everyone, go blow stuff up," given that it's an illegal act. EVCM (talk) 04:22, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
The article it´s not so big to divide in two ones. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nihilo 01 (talk • contribs) 21:40, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
True, but the article is almost completely about violent revolution. Does nonviolent civil disobedience even count as "revolution"? EVCM (talk) 21:48, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 10 Some more viewpoints that should be mentioned this article
It currently has a rather anti-revolutionary slant; these articles should be addressed as well:
* http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard39.html
* http://www.lysanderspooner.org/bib_new.htm
* http://www.lewrockwell.com/chodorov/chodorov12.html
* http://www.mises.org//journals/lf/1970/1970_10_01.pdf
EVCM (talk) 18:28, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 11 Typo in page move
It was intended that this be moved to libertarian perspectives on revolution. EVCM (talk) 04:15, 28 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 12 Making article conform to wikipedia policies
Needless to say the creator of the page User_talk:Aldrich_Hanssen who was quickly banned for reasons discussed at that page engaged in a lot of WP:POV WP:Original research in this article, which is why it is heading for deletion. However, when your remove all the personal opinions and synthetic interpretations which are against wikipedia policy, there is a lot of good material that stands on its own now that the article covers the broader libertarian movement. So I started out by cutting out the worst POV, WP:OR material and now will look at the categories and see if there is a more logical order that conforms to the established body of thinking on revolutionary strategies that exist. IE for example it could have sections on Noncooperation, Nonviolent action, and some euphemism for violent action that doesn't sound like a bunch of crazies out to blow things up because they hate capitalism or statism or just want attention or are sexually frustrated. :-) Plus one or two of the existing categories. In other words, encyclopedic, not propagandistic. Carol Moore 23:37, 28 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
I'm an editing machine - did it. Added some good and relevant quotes. Took out least relevant, unsourced, WP:OR ones from first version. Enough for now. Some references from the NY Times or LA Times or some major WP:RS sources would be helpful since this article is up for deletion and the usual libertarian sources may not pass muster. Also good to make it clear when person quoted is a professor, etc., something which still needs more work. Carol Moore 02:51, 29 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
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Libertarian perspectives on revolution include the disparate views held by various libertarians on the desirability of creating fundamental change in power or organizational structures in a relatively short time. Libertarian revolutionary goals often include dissolution of current states and even the abolition of all states.
Contents
[hide]
* 1 Necessity for revolution
* 2 Methods
o 2.1 Nonviolent action
o 2.2 Non-cooperation with the state
o 2.3 Violent Rebellion or Terrorism
o 2.4 Opposition to Violence
* 3 Related topics
* 4 References
[edit] 1 Necessity for revolution
Murray Rothbard, after noting that convincing the ruling groups, and the recipients of their largesse, of their own iniquity would be almost impossible in practice, opines:
“ ...beyond the problem of education lies the problem of power. After a substantial number of people have been converted, there will be the additional task of finding ways and means to remove State power from our society. Since the state will not gracefully convert itself out of power, other means than education, means of pressure, will have to be used. What particular means or what combination of means – whether by voting, alternative institutions untouched by the State or massive failure to cooperate with the State – depends on the conditions of the time and what will be found to work or not to work. In contrast to matters of theory and principle, the particular tactics to be used – so long as they are consistent with the principles and ultimate goal of a purely free society – are a matter of pragmatism, judgment, and the inexact "art" of the tactician.[1] ”
Samuel Edward Konkin III and Wally Conger wrote:
“ "Get-Liberty-quick" schemes from anarchozionism (running away to a Promised Land of Liberty) to political opportunism will seduce the impatient and sway the incompletely informed. All will fail if for no other reason than Liberty grows individual by individual. Mass conversion is impossible. There is one exception – radicalization by statist attack against a collective. Even so, it requires entrepreneurs of Liberty to have sufficiently informed the persecuted collective so that they laze coherently libertarian-ward rather than scatter randomly or worse, flow into out-of-power statism. These Crises of Statism are spontaneous and predictable – but cannot be caused by moral, consistent libertarians.[2] ”
The Libertarian Party, U.S. platform quotes the U.S. Declaration of Independence in the “Self-determination” plank of its platform: "Whenever any form of government becomes destructive of individual liberty, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to agree to such new governance as to them shall seem most likely to protect their liberty."[3]
Lew Rockwell raises the example of the American Revolution, asking, "[w]ho writing about politics today might have joined the founding fathers in their conspiracy to overthrow imperial rule? The question is an important one because this event, more than any other in our history, embodies the core of the American political idea, that men are entitled to liberty from despots. This idea, the founders believed, ought to be acted upon by real people against really existing governments."[4]
Author Pierre Lemieux writes: "Could we say that the more powerless the tyrant, the less likely it is that the revolution will devolve into the destruction of all social authorities? If so, it would mean that a libertarian revolution now would be much less dangerous than a revolution when tyranny has become unbearable. Better to make the revolution when it does not have to be devastating; better to do it sooner than later."[5]
Professor Bruce L. Benson writes about the interaction of rebellion and state power: "Unfortunately, once an economy becomes strong, the opportunity costs of rebellion and other efforts to constrain the state become higher and the temptations to use the state as an internal wealth transfer mechanism get stronger, so resistance to the state can decline. When that happens, the state grows faster, and the economy can collapse under its weight unless the state is rolled back (New Zealand is a recent example that comes to mind)."[6]
[edit] 2 Methods
[edit] 2.1 Nonviolent action
"The Voluntaryist" is a publication founded in 1982 which promotes a libertarian form of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience they call voluntaryism. Its statement of purpose reads: “Voluntaryists are advocates of non-political, non-violent strategies to achieve a free society. We reject electoral politics, in theory and in practice, as incompatible with libertarian principles. Governments must cloak their actions in an aura of moral legitimacy in order to sustain their power, and political methods invariably strengthen that legitimacy. Voluntaryists seek instead to delegitimize the State through education, and we advocate withdrawal of the cooperation and tacit consent on which State power ultimately depends.”[7]
Otto Guevara of Movimiento Libertario told Reason Magazine that the "revolutionaries of the 60s and 70s were all socialists. Now the natural impulse of youth to rebel is being channeled against the socialist establishment." He used as examples young people engaging in acts of "self-ownership" like tattooing and piercing, sexual liberty, the freedom to use drugs, as these are all areas where our position is appealing to the young. He described supporting one form of rebellion: "a huge, subterranean informal economy that's opposed by the larger, established companies...'el diputado pirata.' Someone wants to import and sell a used car... we said, 'what's the problem?' Used clothing, used shoes, these are big markets, and we thought it was absurd that there should be legal obstacles to people trading in these things."[8]
Libertarians support the right of individuals, communities, states and regions to secede from larger entities. Libertarian professor Walter Block writes: "Those who are not free to secede are in effect (partial) slaves to a king, or to a tyrannous majority under democracy. Nor is secession to be confused with the mere right to emigrate, even when one is allowed to take one’s property out of the country. Secession means the right to stay put, on one’s own property, and either to shift alliance to another political entity, or to set up shop as a sovereign on one’s own account."[9]
[edit] 2.2 Non-cooperation with the state
Sam Konkin was one of the foremost supporters of libertarian economic secession, advocating that the revolutionaries use counter-economics.[citation needed]
Mike Huben promotes "sovereignty." "A working libertarian experiment could be easily county sized. A tiny religious sect was able to buy control of Antelope, Oregon and relocate there a few years ago: the vastly more numerous libertarians could do much more. Privatize the roads, schools, libraries, police."[citation needed]
[edit] 2.3 Violent Rebellion or Terrorism
The book Radicals for Capitalism notes, "Libertarians have always been more likely to head to a bookstore than an armory, which some think is half the problem."[10]
In The Ethics of Liberty, Murray Rothbard notes: "To say that someone has the absolute right to a certain property but lacks the right to defend it against attack or invasion is also to say that he does not have total right to that property."[11] However, Rothbard warns against harming innocents: "...the libertarian goal, the victory of liberty, justifies the speediest possible means towards reaching the goal, but those means cannot be such as to contradict, and thereby undercut, the goal itself. We have already seen that gradualism-in-theory is such a contradictory means. Another contradictory means would be to commit aggression (e.g., murder or theft) against persons or just property in order to reach the libertarian goal of nonaggression."[12]
In 1996, Claire Wolfe, in her book 101 Things to Do 'Til the Revolution, asserted "America is at that awkward stage. It's too late to work within the system, but too early to shoot the bastards." In September 2005, she blogged, "I admit that, somewhere between passage of the Real ID act and the brutal bureaucratic botch after Hurricane Katrina, I was slapped into the conclusion that this is the time to shoot the bastards."[13]
Libertarian and crypto-anarchist “Jim Bell tried to create an assassination market, a prediction market or dead pool where any party can place a bet on the date of death of a given individual, and collect a payoff if they "guess" the date accurately. After he was found in possession of various allegedly suspicious materials and weapons, and after placing a “stink bomb” in an Internal Revenue Service office, he was prosecuted and convicted of two felonies, for which he served eleven months in prison.[14] [15][16]
[edit] 2.4 Opposition to Violence
David D. Friedman argues in The Machinery of Freedom that "[c]ivil disorder leads to more government, not less. It may topple one government, but it creates a situation in which people desire another and stronger. Hitler's regime followed the chaos of the Weimar years. Russian communism is a second example, a lesson for which the anarchists of Kronstadt paid dear. Napoleon is a third."[17]
Linda and Morris Tannehill write in The Market for Liberty, "[n]ot only is violent revolutionary action destructive, it actually strengthens the government by giving it a 'common enemy' to unite the people against. Violence against the government by a minority always gives the politicians an excuse to increase repressive measures in the name of 'protecting the people.' In fact, the general populace usually join the politicians' cry for 'law and order.'"[18]
The Tannehills fear the tendency of revolutionary leaders to seize power: ...revolution is a very questionable way to arrive at a society without rulers, since a successful revolution must have leaders. To be successful, revolutionary action must be coordinated. To be coordinated, it must have someone in charge. And, once the revolution has succeeded, the 'Someone in Charge' (or one of his lieutenants, or even one of his enemies) takes over the new power structure so conveniently built up by the revolution. He may just want to 'get things going right,' but he ends up being another ruler. Something like this happened to the American Revolution, and look at us today."[18]
Libertarian anarchist professor Bryan Caplan argues that "when terrorism succeeds in destroying an existing government, it merely creates a power vacuum without fundamentally changing anyone's mind about the nature of power. The predictable result is that a new state, worse than its predecessor, will swiftly appear to fill the void."[19]
[edit] 3 Related topics
* Anarchism and violence
* Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism
* Controversies within libertarianism
* Nonviolent resistance
* Voluntaryists
[edit] 4 References
1. ^ Rothbard, Murray N.. "A Strategy for Liberty", For a New Liberty. ISBN 0-930073-02-9.
2. ^ Wally Conger, Samuel Edward Konkin III, New Libertarian Manifesto and Agorist Class Theory, Lulu.com, 2006, 44. ISBN 1847287719, 9781847287717
3. ^ Libertarian Party, U.S. platform
4. ^ Lew Rockwell, The General Line, LewRockwell.com, December 7, 2001.
5. ^ Pierre Lemieux personal web site.
6. ^ Bruce L. Benson, The Most Significant Market Failure, Cato Institute blog, August 15th, 2007.
7. ^ The Voluntaryist main page and "support us" page.
8. ^ Julian Sanchez, The Other Guevara, Reason interviews Costa Rica's Libertarian revolutionary, Reason Magazine interview with Otto Guevara of Movimiento Libertario, August 12, 2003.
9. ^ Walter Block, Secession, LewRockwell.com, July 2, 2002.
10. ^ Doherty, Brian. Radicals for Capitalism, 378.
11. ^ Murray Rothbard, The Ethics of Liberty, Chapter 12 "Self-Defense," at Ludwig Von Mises Institute.
12. ^ Murray Rothbard, The Ethics of Liberty, Chapter 30 "Toward a Theory of Strategy for Liberty," at Ludwig Von Mises Institute.
13. ^ Claire Wolfe blog
14. ^ "IRS Says Man From Tacoma Part of Plot ", The Oregonian, 1997-11-20, p. C02
15. ^ McCullagh, Declan (2000-11-11). "IRS Raids Cypherpunk's House". Politics : Law. Wired. Retrieved on 2007-11-07.
16. ^ Associated Press, "Bell gets 11 months in prison, 3 years supervised release, fine", The Oregonian, 1997-12-12.
17. ^ Friedman, David D.. "Revolution Is the Hell of It", The Machinery of Freedom, 149-150. ISBN 0-8126-9069-9.
18. ^ a b Tannehill, Morris and Linda. "The Force Which Shapes the World", The Market for Liberty, 161. ISBN 0-930073-08-8.
19. ^ Bryan Caplan, Instead of a FAQ, by a Man Too Busy to Write One, Version 5.2, section 22.
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Talk:Libertarians perspectives on revolution
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Did You Know A fact from Libertarians perspectives on revolution appeared on Wikipedia's Main Page in the Did you know? column on 2008-08-02.
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Contents
[hide]
* 1 John T. Kennedy
* 2 the potential for causing greater repression
* 3 Jim Bell
* 4 Systemic bias
* 5 Use of quotes
* 6 So many anarchisms, so little time
* 7 Title
* 8 Delete this article?
* 9 "Violent"
* 10 Some more viewpoints that should be mentioned this article
* 11 Typo in page move
* 12 Making article conform to wikipedia policies
[edit] 1 John T. Kennedy
I appreciate being quoted here but my quote is miscategorized since I advocate and expect a peaceful transition to anarcho-capitalism by means of markets rather than collective politics. --Jtk3 (talk) 20:58, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 2 the potential for causing greater repression
I was thinking that "the potential for causing greater repression" should probably not be listed under "arguments in favour." Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 02:20, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
And there I thought the evil anarcho-capitalists were scheming to repress the working man even more through violent revolution! Sorry, I actually made a mistake in shortening the section title. Be bold! In other news, thank you for this fantastic, well-sourced article; I was so impressed, I nominated it to be included in the Did you Know? section of the Main_Page. Skomorokh 02:35, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Hopefully in the future, the tense will be changed, and people will be asking, "Did you know that one of the chief motivations for anarcho-capitalist revolution was the impossibility of implementing anarchy through peaceful means?" And the obvious reply will be, "Of course, everyone who's taken a history class knows that." Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 03:38, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Hahaha…good luck with that. Nathan for Congress as the first step towards global anarchy? Stranger things have happened, I suppose. Skomorokh 03:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 3 Jim Bell
Does Jim Bell merit any mention here? I suppose people have promoted a mix of things – anarcho-capitalist methods of obtaining generic anarchy; collectivist methods of obtaining anarcho-capitalism; anarcho-capitalist methods of obtaining anarcho-capitalism; etc. Not sure what category he falls into. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 03:47, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Yes, as he is a crypto-anarchist which is a form of anarcho-capitalism according to our sources. I suggest an "ends and means" section to go along with the arguments for and against. Bell's assassination politics would do nicely there, and the content can be lifted straight from his and the assassination market article. Skomorokh 03:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Is this source reliable, by the way? I find it a bit dubious, since I couldn't find any other copies of it on the internet other than from a mailing list. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 04:38, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Wow, juicy info. I don't know if it's reliable. It's not a peer-reviewed or editorially-overseen source with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy, but it may qualify as an acceptable self-published source as McCullough is the expert on the subject, and has been published by Wired. The site it is hosted on is run by Gordon Lyon, so it is credible that it is actually McCullough writing and not an identity thief. Looks good. Thanks for digging this up, and anything else you can find is highly welcome, as the artilcle has become starved of additional sources. Mahalo, Skomorokh 16:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
Yeah, I found this source so it appears to be good info. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 17:01, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 4 Systemic bias
I'm thinking that there might be some non-Wikipedia-related systemic bias causing it to appear that there are fewer advocates of revolution than there really are, in that most people don't want to come right out and say "this is the time to shoot the bastards" lest they get hauled off to jail or suffer other negative consequences. I guess they'll come out of the woodwork later, though. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 04:05, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 5 Use of quotes
Although this article is a great collection of sources on the topic, I feel it over-uses quotes in its current state. On Wikipedia, we generally only use quotes when the material cannot be better summarized in neutral language; for example quoting a particularly colourful or idiosyncratic phrase. For example, Rothbard's "Weimar...Kronstad...Napolean" quote is a short punchy rhetorical flourish that is best kept as a quote, whereas his "just war" quote is plain, descriptive English that could be easily summarized. A good way to proceed would be to start a Wikiquote page on this subject, copy these quotes there, and then start summarizing the ordinary-language quotes (eg. Benson, Huben) here. Skomorokh 17:35, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
(Actually that was David D. Friedman.) Yeah, it overuses quotes, I'm having a bit of trouble figuring out the best way to organize this article at the moment, so feel free to have at it. I think I'm starting to run out of sources. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 17:41, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
There's no rush, just something to think about for the future development of the article. There are more than enough sources in the article already to give the concept a decent presentation. Keep up the good work (and sorry for mistaking Friedman). Skomorokh 19:48, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
I was thinking the same thing. This isn't just a matter of WP:MOS, this extensive use of quotes could be a copyvio issue (but then again I guess anarchist writers don't care about copyright...) Lampman (talk) 04:21, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 6 So many anarchisms, so little time
Man, I have trouble keeping track of all these different types of anarchism. It seems like there's a lot of overlap among them. And thus, there could also be overlap among anarcho-capitalist revolution, free market anarchist revolution, individual anarchist revolution, etc. Yet, we cannot simply call it anarchist revolution, either, can we? It would be too broad. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 19:27, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
The general rule of thumb on Wikipedia is to use anarcho-capitalism to refer to post 1950's market anarchism in the US, and "individualist anarchism" for pre-1950's. "Free-market anarchism" is disputed, but it's basically a lesser-used synonym for "anarcho-capitalism", and anarchist revolution is too broad, you're right. So no problem using this article for all pro-capitalism anarchist's views of revolution. Skomorokh 19:51, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
This guy seems to dislike the proliferation of x-anarchisms as well. Interesting that anarchists spend so much time developing their specific niches rather than heeding the advice to "Smash the state, already." Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 22:03, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
yup. Skomorokh 22:05, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 7 Title
Trying to figure out the best title for this page. I think it would be good to specify from the get-go that this is about controversies among those who already agree with libertarianism. Of course, libertarianism also includes minarchists. Maybe anarcho-capitalist perspectives on revolution? Should we specify in the title that we're not talking about peaceful revolution? I just noticed today, by the way, that there is the page, controversies within libertarianism which has links to a series of contentious subjects. Aldrich Hanssen (talk) 13:23, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 8 Delete this article?
It was created by someone who soon after was banned for bad behavior, including lots of original research. While it has some good sources, it is pretty much this person's hobby horse of the week. And I agree with comments above questioning the article itself, i.e. how many different libertarian/anarchist sectarian articles on this topic could you have?? Thoughts? Carol Moore 16:23, 23 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
Frankly this is a ridiculous suggestion. The topic is beyond all reasonable doubt notable, and the coverage here is extensive. The main issue is that there is too few references to secondary and tertiary sources, with overreliance on (extensive quotations from) primary sources. I suggest you focus on improving the referencing in our scattered libertarianism articles instead of tagging entire articles with ugly templates. Sincerely, Skomorokh 16:28, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
Some of I tagged were started by an editor who was quickly kicked off for multiple violations and probably is editing under another name now. Much of the language and organization is WP:OR or WP:POV, reflecting extremely personal issues of the editor. (I put tags on other articles that looked like they were put up on a whim, or by extreme partisans, with no real WP:RS.) Wikipedia is not a dictionary or a place to promote views that are not covered by WP:RS sources. (Including me, since I'm not unless published in some edited publication that would pass wikipedia muster.)
Putting up tags is one way to figure out if anyone is paying attention. I only asked about deletion at talk and didn't go further, as you'll notice. I do agree that with the person above who said it is silly to have an article on every libertarian/anarchist sub-group's views on revolution. But if people think it's so necessary for this article to exist and are willing to clean it up worst problems, who am I to complain? I'll give it a week and come back and see if the worst WP:OR and WP:POV issues are solved. And then maybe I'll fix a few of the worst ones. Carol Moore 01:25, 24 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
Showing the widest range of disagreeing views on a topic, as this article strives to do, is nothing close to promotion of a single POV. Moreover, primary sources are reliable sources for the views of the authors concerned. I'm sure it's not your intention, but you give the impression of being on something of a personal crusade independent of the goals of the encyclopaedia. You're not in a position to delete this article, or make demands of those who want to keep it. If you want to improve it, fantastic. If you want it deleted, put it up for AfD. But please bear WP:POTENTIAL in mind. Regards, Skomorokh 01:51, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
Well, I think I've made my points in latest tags and changes. Could continue in same vein through rest of article but will give it a rest tonight. The point is that if the article is to be about anarcho-capitalists and revolution it should not be quoting people who do no self-identify or are not called anarcho-capitalists. Among other things it's a violation of WP:BLP. Plus there are all sorts of WP:synthesis summaries and arguments, a few of which I deleted. If you think I'm not making the right critiques or changes, do tell. But I am tagging them so the person who made the entry - should he still be editing - can learn that one can't just opine and synthesize on wikipedia and use WP:RS loosely to make one's own personal point. Carol Moore 02:14, 24 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
In reference to this edit summary, Rothbard is not only an anarcho-capitalist but the inventor of the term. EVCM (talk) 03:07, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 9 "Violent"
I inserted "violent" into the title; I think that we might put ideas on peaceful secession or peaceful revolution into another article, if that hasn't been done already. Most, if not all, anarcho-capitalists favor a "revolution" in the sense of a drastic change in governance, i.e. from public to private. EVCM (talk) 02:57, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
Basically it should have one section "Arguments for" with actual explicit pro-violence quotes and summaries. The second would have anti-violence quotes and summaries. Neither would have your own original research synthesis and theorizing. Where the person doesn't obviously take a stand one way or the other, such that the implication is they support violent revolution, it is a violation of WP:BLP and can be removed immediately. So why not organize thusly. Carol Moore 04:16, 24 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
It's a bit of a sticky widget in that many people will make oblique references to violence, since they don't want to come out and say "OK everyone, go blow stuff up," given that it's an illegal act. EVCM (talk) 04:22, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
The article it´s not so big to divide in two ones. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nihilo 01 (talk • contribs) 21:40, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
True, but the article is almost completely about violent revolution. Does nonviolent civil disobedience even count as "revolution"? EVCM (talk) 21:48, 25 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 10 Some more viewpoints that should be mentioned this article
It currently has a rather anti-revolutionary slant; these articles should be addressed as well:
* http://www.lewrockwell.com/rothbard/rothbard39.html
* http://www.lysanderspooner.org/bib_new.htm
* http://www.lewrockwell.com/chodorov/chodorov12.html
* http://www.mises.org//journals/lf/1970/1970_10_01.pdf
EVCM (talk) 18:28, 24 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 11 Typo in page move
It was intended that this be moved to libertarian perspectives on revolution. EVCM (talk) 04:15, 28 August 2008 (UTC)
[edit] 12 Making article conform to wikipedia policies
Needless to say the creator of the page User_talk:Aldrich_Hanssen who was quickly banned for reasons discussed at that page engaged in a lot of WP:POV WP:Original research in this article, which is why it is heading for deletion. However, when your remove all the personal opinions and synthetic interpretations which are against wikipedia policy, there is a lot of good material that stands on its own now that the article covers the broader libertarian movement. So I started out by cutting out the worst POV, WP:OR material and now will look at the categories and see if there is a more logical order that conforms to the established body of thinking on revolutionary strategies that exist. IE for example it could have sections on Noncooperation, Nonviolent action, and some euphemism for violent action that doesn't sound like a bunch of crazies out to blow things up because they hate capitalism or statism or just want attention or are sexually frustrated. :-) Plus one or two of the existing categories. In other words, encyclopedic, not propagandistic. Carol Moore 23:37, 28 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
I'm an editing machine - did it. Added some good and relevant quotes. Took out least relevant, unsourced, WP:OR ones from first version. Enough for now. Some references from the NY Times or LA Times or some major WP:RS sources would be helpful since this article is up for deletion and the usual libertarian sources may not pass muster. Also good to make it clear when person quoted is a professor, etc., something which still needs more work. Carol Moore 02:51, 29 August 2008 (UTC)Carolmooredc {talk}
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